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1、初中英语语法——主谓一致讲解人:韩旭一、语法一致原则二、意义一致原则三、就近一致原则一、语法一致原则(1)主语为单数时,谓语用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数。Hegoestoschoolearlyeverymorning.Thechildrenareplayingoutside.(2)动词不定式或动词ing形式做主语时,谓语动词用单数。若两个或两个以上非谓语动词并列做主语,分指两个或两个以上动作时,谓语动词用复数形式。Tosee________(is/are)tobelieve.Doingeye
2、exercises________(is/are)goodforyoureyes.Lyingandstealing(is/are)immoral.(3)由and或both连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。BothheandIareright.但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词,指的是同一个人或物;a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词,指两个人或物。Thewriterandteacher________(is/
3、are)coming.Thewriterandtheteacher________(is/are)coming.Aknifeandfork________(is/are)onthetable.(4)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each,every修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirl(has/have)therighttoreceiveeducation.Eachmanandeachwoman(is/are)askedtohe
4、lp.(5)主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有but,except,besides,with等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数。Theteacherwithhisstudents(is/are)goingtovisitthemuseum.Nobodybuttwoboys(is/are)lateforclass.(6)each,either,neither,another,theother,some,any,no,every作主语或构成的复合代词作主语,谓语动词用单数。Eachofthem(has/have)a
5、nEnglishdictionary.Neitheransweriscorrect.Iseverybodyready?Somebodyisusingthephone.(7)有两部分构成的物体的名词,如glasses,shoes,trousers,chopsticks,scissors等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。Wheremyshoes?Yourtrousersdirty.如果这类名词前用了apairof等,则往往用作单数,谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。Here(is/are
6、)somenewpairsofshoes.Mynewpairofsocks(is/are)onthebed.(8)不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing作主语,谓语动词用单数。Something(is/are)wrongwiththebike.Nobody(was/were)in.(Is/Are)everyoneheretoday?二、意义
7、一致的原则(1)指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式。Myfamilyarehavinglunchnow.Twentydollarsistooexpensiveforthebook.(2)表时间,价格,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等复数名词作主语,表示整体概念时,谓语动词用单数。Twomonths________(is/are)alongholiday.Twentypounds________(is/are)notso
8、heavy.Tenmiles________(is/are)notalongdistance.Fiveminusfour________(is/are)one.(3)family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语,若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式,若指一个一个的具体成员时,谓语动词用复数形式。Hisfamily________(is/are)notlarge.Myfamilyall________(like/likes)watchingTV.(4)people、police、c