大致整理一常规的argument思路.doc

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1、大致整理一下常规的argument思路（1）profit类是否考虑成本增加thecostorexpenditureaccrue/increase是否考虑其他不利因素：市场（竞争），交通，环境，原材料，劳动力Unfavorablefactors/disadvantageousaspectsFiercecompetition/transportation/environment/rawmaterial/labor（2）survey类survey本身是否具有科学性和代表性：survey是否足够数量并且随机抽取

2、whilewearenotinformedofanyinformationaboutwhetherthesampleofsurveyisrandomlychosenandsufficientrespondent：性别，年龄，职业分布，etcgender/age/professiondistributionnationwide不代表localtheauthorarguethatwhatistrueofawholecountryisnecessarilytrueof…theauthorattributesa

3、characterof..toa..aswhole（3）imitate类是否具有可比性，而忽略了其他方面的差异OverlooksthedisparitiesofotheraspectsBesides,amyriadofotherpossiblescenarios..,mightpreventthefrombeingasprofitableastheargumentpredicts.（4）process类食物药品在加工过程中是否发生物理化学性质的变化Theauthorseemstoigoretheposs

4、ibilitythatphysicalorchemicalactionstakeplaceonfood/medicine（5）increase类比较是否只涉及横向、纵向之一Despitethedeclines..mightbehighcomparedto..Themerefactthatlendscantevidencetotherecommendation趋势往往不能反映现状Trendisnotanecessaryindicationof总量上升比率下降Itispossiblethatthetotal

5、amoutincreaseswhiletheproportiondecreases（6）comparison类通过比较两个事物优劣而作出选择往往会犯“eitheror"fallacy通常出现在选举市长，选方案之类Alsotheargumentsufferfrom“either–or“reasoning.Basedonthefactthat..areopposedto..theauthorunfairlyconcludesthattheymustbeinfavorof..However..overlook

6、sthepossibilitythatareinfavorneitheroftheproposals.（7）他因万能的找他因法呵呵百试不爽永远可以指责作者考虑不周全这里需要大家补充一些常见的原因考试的时候就可以信手拈来了比如：城市经济发展的原因，推动旅游业的原因，人们健康状况改善的原因...TheurbaneconomicdevelopmentThecontributoryfactortotheboomingoftourismThepossiblecause/reason/forimprovemento

7、fhealth其他：（1）最常见的逻辑错误hastygeneralization/afterthis,thereforebecauseofthis/eitheror/falseanalogy/appealtoignorance...（2）有些可以自己界定范围来批驳作者的观点：例如6分例文里那个protectivegearARGUMENT96就可以模仿（3）通常结论都非常武断，相当容易入手