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1、ModuleThreeBodyLanguageandNon-verbalCommunicationGrammar1Adverbialclauseofcondition条件状语从句条件状语从句常用引导词有if，unless（除非，如果不，除非在…的时候）,incase（如果，以防）,onconditionthat（在…条件下,如果）,aslongas(只要)，provided(that)/providing(that)(假如,在…条件下),suppose(that)/supposing(that)（如果,假如），when(倘若)等连词引导。注意：条件状语从句中用一般现在时 代替一般将来
2、。3.Shewillgoprovidedherfriendscangoalso.4.Hewilldotheworkprovidingyoupayhim.5.Aslongasyou’rehappy,itdoesn’tmatter whatyoudo.6.IncaseIforget,pleaseremindmeaboutit.7.Supposingitrains,shallwecontinuethe sportsmeeting?8.Icantellyouthetruthonconditionthatyoupromisetokeepasecret.1.Ifitrainstomorrow,I
3、willnotgoswimming.2.Youwillfailunlessyouworkhard.9.Callmewhenyouhavefinished.If引导的虚拟条件句与现在事实相反，从句中用一般过去时(be用were)，主句用woulddoIfIwereyou,Iwouldhelphim.Ifhehadenoughmoney,hewouldbuythatbook.与过去事实相反，从句中用过去完成时时，主句用wouldhavedone.IwouldhavearrivedmuchearlierifIhadnotbeencaughtinthetraffic.如果没有堵车,我会到的早
4、一点儿。与将来事实相反，从句中用①一般过去时 (be用were)②shoulddo③weretodo，主句用 woulddoIfitweretoraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.Ifyoudroppedtheglass,itwouldbreak.Ifheshouldseeme,hewouldknowme.从句中有had,were,should，可将其提到主语前，并去掉if。IfIwereyou,Iwouldhelphim.=WereIyou,Iwouldhelphim.Ifhehadenoughmoney,hewouldbuythatbook.
5、=Hadheenoughmoney,hewouldbuythatbook.Ifheshouldseeme,hewouldknowme.=Shouldheseeme,hewouldknowme.Butfortherain,weshouldhavehadapleasantjourney.要不是下雨,我们的旅行肯定会很愉快。Withoutyourhelp,wecouldnothavefinishedintime.要不是你帮忙,我们肯定不能及时完成任务。butfor,without等引出一个介词结构也可表示条件,条件常常是虚拟的,或与事实相反的假设。如:Grammar2Adverbialcl
6、auseofconcession让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的主要连词有：although,though,eventhough/if,while，as，nomater+特殊疑问词，特殊疑问词+ever等.though,although表示“虽然,纵然”之意。这两个连词意思大致相同，在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中,though较常使用,although比though正式，二者都可与yet,still或nevertheless(然而，尽管如此)连用,但不能与but连用。Though/Althoughhewaswornout,(still)hekeptonworking.虽然他已经精疲
7、力竭,但仍然继续工作。Though/Althoughheisveryold,(yet)heisquitestrong.他虽然年纪大了,身体还很健壮。值得注意的是,although引导的让步状语从句多位于主句之前,though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。Shepassedtheexaminationthoughshehadnotstudiedveryhard.她虽然不用功学习,考试却及格了。(2)as,though表示“虽然……但是”,“纵使
