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1、Thesubjunctivemood虚拟语气语气语气(mood):一种动词形式,用以表示说话者的意图或态度。三种语气:祈使语气(imperativemood)----请求、命令Makeyourselfathome.虚拟语气(subjunctivemood)---主观的愿望、假想和建议Iftherewerenoairandwater,weshouldnotbeabletoliveontheearth.直陈语气(indicativemood)----事实FranceliestotheeastofEngland.虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,一是用来表示说话人所说的
2、话不是一个事实,而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中);一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、主语从句)。虚拟语气的概念一、虚拟语气在条件句中的运用虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反的假设与过去相反的假设与将来相反的假设If+主语+动词的过去式(动词be用were)主语+should,would,might,could+动词原形If+主语+had+过去分词主语+should,would,might,could+havedone1、If+主语+动词过去式(动词be用were)2、If+主语+wereto+动词原形3、I
3、f+主语+should+动词原形主语+should,wouldmight,could+动词原形IfIyou,Iharderatmylessons.IfIhistelephonenumber,Ihim.Ifitrain,wethematch.hadknownMorepractice:werewouldworkwouldhavecalledshouldweretowouldcalloffbeworkknowcallbecalloffTranslation:1.如果我是一个男孩,我就会参军。IfIwereaboy,Iwouldjointhearmy.2.如果我现在有很多钱
4、,我就会环游世界。IfIhadalotofmoneynow,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.3.如果昨天他开车小心的话,那他就不会发生交通事故。Ifhehaddrivenmorecarefully,hewouldnothavehadthecaraccidentyesterday.4.如果机器人某天控制了世界的话,那将没有友谊。IfRobotsweretocontroltheworldsomeday,therewouldbenofriendship.使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点:1. 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称
5、为:错综时间条件句“,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整.Ifyoumyadvice,youbetternow.Ifyouhardbefore,youacollegestudentnow.hadfollowedwouldbehadstudiedwouldbestudybefollowbe2.省略句在条件句中,可省略if,把were,had,should提到句首,变为倒装句式.IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Ifitshouldraint
6、omorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.3.含蓄条件句含蓄条件句:不是用if条件句,而是由介词短语without,butfor;连词or;副词otherwise或上下文来表示某种假设的情况。Butfor(Without)thestorm,theshipwouldhavearrivedearlier.Sallycan’tha
7、vewrittentome,orIwouldhavegottheletterbynow.I'mnotfeelingverywelltoday--otherwiseIwoulddoitmyself.二、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用(1)用于宾语从句1、wish后面的宾语从句中。一般用虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词形式为:表现在Iwish(that)Iwouldcouldgo.should×过去时过去完成时would,might,could+动词原形Iwish(that)Iwereabird.Iwish(that)Ihadseenthef