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1、英语三大类从句之用法与比较张家界市一中陈良云从句概述从句只能做主句的某一部分,依附于主句而存在,不能独立。从句也具有句子的特征，即有自己的主谓结构；而且带有引导词。根据从句在句中的作用，可分为名词性从句、形容词性（定语）从句和副词性（状语）从句三类。一、名词性从句名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。其关联词有连词that,if,whether；连接代词what,who,which和连接副词when,where,why,how等。从句连接词主语从句宾语从句介词后宾语从句形容词后宾语从句表语从句同位语从句thatwhetherifWh-词（含how)带后缀－ever的词连接词
2、的用法(一)1.that连词that本身无实际意义，在从句中不担当任何成分，在宾语从句中有时可以省略。如：Ihear(that)hehasjoinedthefootballclub.Thatlighttravelsinastraightlineisknowntoall.Isitcertainthattheywillwin?为保持句子平衡，that引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语 而把真正的主语从句后置。主要有以下几种情况：①Itis+n.(apity/ashame/afact/nowonder,etc)+that-clauseItisafactthatEnglishisbeingaccep
3、tedasaninternationallanguage.Itisnowonderthatheisnothungry;hehasbeeneatingsweetsallday.②Itis+adj.(certain/likely/probable/true,etc.)+that-clauseItisprobablethathetoldhereverything.Itistruethatthescientistwillgiveusalecturenextweek.③Itis+p.p.(said/reported/believed,etc.)+that-clauseItisreportedthatC
4、hinahassentanotherman-madesatelliteintoorbit.④It+v.(seems/happened,etc.)+that-clauseItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall.IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.⑤其他情况:Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherhewillcomeornot.Itmakesnodifferencewherewehadthemeeting.Itsuddenlyoccurredtomethatshehadforgottentolockthedoor.连接词的
5、用法(二)2.whether和if连词whether和if表“是否”之意，在从句中不可省略。在下列情况中只用whether不用if:⑴引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时；Thequestioniswhetheritisworthtrying.Whethershecomesornotmakesnodifference.IhavenoideawhetherIshouldbelievehimornot.⑵从句作介词的宾语时；Ryanwasworryingaboutwhetherhehadhurtherfeelings.⑶ornot紧随其后时；Idon’tcarewhetherornothehas
6、aholiday.⑷后接不定式时。Shecan’tdecidewhethertogo.３．Who,whom,whose,what,which连接代词Who,whom,whose,what,which等在从句中既起连接作用，又担当主语、宾语、表语等成分，并保留其特殊疑问词词义。如：Nooneknowswhohewaswaitingfor.Tellmewhosehouseitis.Letmeknowwhichtrainyouwillbearrivingon.连接词的用法(三)连接词的用法(四)４．where,when,why,how连接副词where,when,why,how等在从句中作状语，其
7、词义与特殊疑问词词义相同。Idon’tknowwherewearegoingtohavethemeeting.Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.WhatI’manxioustoknowiswhenwecanvisitthemuseum.Pleasetellmewhenyouwillarrive.连接词的用法(五)5.whoever,whomever,whatever,whi
