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1、Unit1 GreatscientistsⅠ.阅读“IFALIENSaresolikely,whyhaveweneverseenany?”ThatistheFermiParadox(悖论)—namedafterEnricoFermi,aphysicistwhoposeditin1950.Fermi’sargumentranasfollows.ThelawsofnaturesupportedtheappearanceofintelligentlifeonEarth.Thoselawsarethesamethroughout
2、theuniverse.Theuniversecontainszillionsofstarsandplanets.So,eveniflifeisunlikelytoariseonanyparticularastronomicalbody,thesheerabundanceofcreationsuggeststhenightskyshouldbefullofaliencivilizations.Fermiwonderedwhyalienshadnevervisitedtheearth.Today,theparadoxism
3、oreusuallycastinlightoftheinabilityofradio-telescopesearchestodetecttheequivalent(相等的)oftheradiowavesthatleakfromEarthintotheuniverse,andhavedoneforthepastcentury.Thinkingupanswerstothisapparentcontradictionhasbecomesomethingofascientificparlour(客厅)game.Perhapsli
4、feisreallyveryunlikely.Perhapsthepriestsareright:humanbeingswereputonEarthbysomecreatorGodforhisownunknownpurposes,andtherestoftheuniverseismerelybackgroundscenery.Perhapsthereareplentyofaliens,buttheyhavedecidedthatdiscretionisasaferbetthangatheringtogether.Orpe
5、rhapsgalactic(银河的)societyavoidscommunicatingwithEarthspecifically.Onefrighteningideaisthattechnologicalcivilizationsdestroythemselvesbeforetheycanmaketheirpresenceknown.Theymightblowthemselvesupafterinventingnuclearweapons(aninventionthat,onEarth,Fermihadbeenpart
6、of),orcookthemselvestodeathbyover-burningfossilfuels.InapaperpublishedlastmonthonarXiv,anonlinerepository(文献库),agroupofthreeastronomersatPennsylvaniaStateUniversityhaveanalyzedthehistoryofalienhuntingandcometoadifferentconclusion.Ineffect,theyrejectoneoftheparado
7、x’smainpillars.Astronomershaveseennosignofaliens,argueJasonWrightandhiscolleagues,becausetheyhavenotbeenlookinghardenough.71.WhatistheFermiParadox?A.Thelawofuniversesupportedtheappearanceofaliensbutweneverseeany.B.Atheoryaboutwhetheraliensexistontheearthandwhywec
8、an’tseethem.C.Fermithoughtthataliensneverexistedbecauseitwascompletelyaparadox.D.Fermiconcludedthataliensdidexistbuttheycouldnotbeseenbyhumans.2.Whatcanweconcl
