智能小车结题报告.doc

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1、电子电路设计课程综合实训结题报告实训项目：   电动智能小车   实训地点：   单片机实验室  指导老师：   施智雄专业班级：09电气工程及其自动化    学生姓名：廖强0915140024 邱佳0915140035陈波0915140049西昌学院：工程技术学院2012年11月8日目录摘要一、设计准备1实训目的··························52实训日期··························53实训地点··························54技能训练··························55实训

2、进程··························56方案验证（1）循迹方案选择······················6（2）电动机的选择······················6（3）电动机驱动方案·····················6(4)、路程检测方案的选择····················7（5）避障方案选择······················8（6）供电方案选择······················8（7）控制核心CPU选择····················9二、硬件设计1．CP中央处理器的设计·····

3、···············112．寻迹、避障检测设计与实现寻迹应用·············113．电动机驱动电路设计与实现·················144．电源部分的设计······················16三、软件设计1、设计原理·························162、设计流程图························163、设计程序························17四、实训心得与感受·····················19五、设计总体电路图·····················20

4、六、实物图片附录······················21摘要：本次智能小车，采用AT89C52最小系统，以TCRT5000红外线反射式开关传感器，作为小车寻黑白线、避障，同时使用L293D为连接AT89C52最小系统的串口。寻迹：光线照射到路面并反射，由于黑线和白纸对光的反射系数不同，可以根据接收到的反射光强弱来判断是否是黑线。利用这个原理，可以控制小车行走的路迹。避障：采用该有交流分量的调制信号，则可大幅度减少外界干扰；另外红外线接受官的最大工作电流取决于平均电流。如果采用占空比小的调制信号，再品均电流不变的情况下，顺势电流很大（50~100mA），则

5、大大提高了信噪比。并且其反应灵敏，电路也很简单。Abstract:theintelligentcar,usingtheminimumsystemofAT89C52,TCRT5000infraredreflection-typesensorswitch,asthecarseekblackandwhiteline,obstacleavoidance,whileusingL293DtoconnectAT89C52minimumsystemserial.Tracing:lightisirradiatedtothepavementandreflection,theblac

6、kandwhitetolightreflectioncoefficientisdifferent,canaccordingtothereceivedreflectedlightintensitytodecidewhetheritisblack.Usingthisprinciple,cancontrolthecarwalkingtrails.Obstacleavoidance:theACcomponentofthemodulationsignal,cangreatlyreducetheinterference;andtheinfraredreceivingoffi

7、cer'smaximumcurrentdependsontheaveragecurrent.Ifthedutycycleofsmallmodulationsignal,andproductsarecurrentinvariablesituation,homeopathiclargecurrent(50~100mA),greatlyimprovesthesignaltonoiseratio.Andthesensitivereaction,theperipheralcircuitissimple.电动智能小车实训报告一、设计准备实训目的：   这次设计智能小车的目的

8、是为了掌握电路设计的方法