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1、小升初语法总结之①名词的复数形式名词是表示人、事物和抽象概念等的词。下面主要介绍一下名词的复数规则:1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knife-knives5.不
2、规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese随堂练习:I_________him_________this___________her______watch_______child_______photo________diary______day_____
3、___foot________book_______dress________tooth_______sheep______box_______strawberry_____thief_______yo-yo______peach______sandwich______man______woman_______paper_______juice___________water________milk________rice__________tea__________答案:wethemthesetheir、themwatcheschildrenphotos
4、diariesdaysfeetbooksdressesteethsheepboxesstrawberriesthievesyo-yospeachessandwichesmenwomenpaperjuicewatermilkriceteapaper:一般为不可数当为报纸,文件,考卷时可作可数名词,复数为papers英语语法知识点②名词的不规则变化 一、有些名词中保存了英语中古旧的复数形式,如: man-menwoman-women tooth-teethfoot-feet child-childrengoose-geese mouse-miceox-
5、oxen 二、有些是外来词,仍保有原来的复数形式,如: Phenomenon-phenomena(现象) Formula-formulae(公式) Thesis-theses(论文) Basis-bases(基础) Analysis-analyses(分析) Criterion-criteria(标准) Crisis-crises(危机) Appendix-appendices(附录) 三、部分单词的复数形式不变。 例:fish→fish;sheep→sheep;cattle→cattle;deer→deer;salmon→salmo
6、n,means→means 四、compoundnouns,这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示 例:daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law媳妇;father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父 man-of-war→men-of-war兵舰;maid-servant→maid-servants step-son→step-sons晚子;son-in-law→sons-in-law。 但是,也有些合成名词,特别是由man和woman构成的合成名词,里面所含的成分,全都要变为复数,如: Man-servant-me
7、n-servants,womandoctor-womendoctors等 五、有些名词经常是带着-s词尾的,但通常都作单数看待,如: Phonetics(语音学),physics(物理学),optics(光学),politics(政治),news(新闻)等。六、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多 例:bellows风箱;clothes;police;shorts短裤;scissors剪刀;spectacles眼镜;shears大剪刀,trousers长裤,wages工资,belongings所有物,surroundings环境,savings储蓄,f
8、indings调查结果,arms武器,clothes衣服,stai