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1、托福听力短文II-15-20152(WA)Well,inanswertoyourquestion,severalwomenactivelyparticipatedintheCivilWar.TheonethatcomesimmediatelytomindisMaryWalker.She'simportantbecauseshe'stheonlywomanevertobeawardedtheCongressionalMedalofHonor.Asyouknow,thismedalisgiventopeoplewho'veservedtheUnitedState
2、swithexceptionalbravery.Inaddition,shewastheonlyfemalephysicianineitherofthetwoarmiesthatfoughtinthatwar.Eventhoughshehadtwomedicaldegrees,manyofficersmadeherlifedifficultbecausetheydidn'tbelievethatawomanshouldbeadoctor.However,sherefusedtobackdownandleavethearmy.Infact,sheriskedh
3、erlifeseveraltimesduringthewarandwasevencapturedatonepoint,butshewassoonreleased.Umm,afterthewar,shewasarrestedseveraltimesforwearingpants.AndalthoughCongresseventuallytriedtotakehermedalaway,sherefusedtogiveitbackandcontinuedtowearitwherevershewent.Shediedin1919,ayearbeforewomenre
4、ceivedtherighttovote,whichbringsmetomynextpoint.托福听力短文II-15-30153(MA)So,yousee,physicalillnesscanhavepsychologicalcauses.Now,wejusthavetimetointroduceanotherinterestingexampleoftheinteractionbetweenthemindandthebody---placebos.Placebos---maybeyou'veheardthemcalledsugarpills---areha
5、rmlesssubstances---notalwayssugar---thatareusedroutinelyongroupsofsickpeopleinexperiments.Theseexperimentstesttheeffectivenessofnewdrugs.Onegroupisgiventhenewdrug,theothergroupisgivenaplacebo,andtheresultsaremeasured.Asyoumightguess,someofthepeoplewhoreceivethenewdruggetbetter.Surp
6、risingly,however,someoftheplacebogroupalsogetbetter.Why?Well,it'saninterestingquestion,onewhichdoctorscan'tquiteanswer.Someofthegroupmayhavegottenbetterontheirown,withoutanytreatmentatall,butresearchhasshownthattheveryactoftakingamedicationthatyouthinkwillmakeyoubetter,oftendoesmak
7、eyoufeelbetter.Haveyoueventakenanaspirinandfeltbetterinfiveminutes?Aspirindoesn'tworkthatfast,doesit?[fallingintonation]Basically,ifyoubelieveyouwillgetbetter---sometimesyoudo.Thehistoryofhowdoctorsandhealershaveusedthemind-bodyconnectiontocurepeopleislongandinteresting---butIseeth
8、atit'stimetochose,soI'llha
