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1、豆腐卤水有望降低太阳能成本目前广泛用于太阳能电池生产的氯化镉每克的价格是0.3美元，豆腐卤水中的主要成分氯化镁完全能够发挥同样的作用，而且更安全。最重要的是，它每克的价格只有0.001美元。Twonewstudiesoffersignsthatthiscouldbechangingquickly.Oneoffersanewwaytoproducesolarcellsmorecheaplyandsafelythancurrentmethods.Theotherindicatesthatconcentratingsolarpower,whichusesthesu
2、n’senergytoheatupaliquidthatdrivesaturbine,couldsupply“asubstantialamountofcurrentenergydemand.”InastudyreleasedWednesdayinjournalNature,UniversityofLiverpool’sJonMajorandseveralotherresearchersannouncedthattheyhadfoundthatmagnesiumchloride,whichisusedinmakingtofu,bathsaltsandappli
3、edtoroadsinthewintercouldreplacecadmiumchlorideinthemakingofsecond-generation,think-filmsolarcells.SpeakinginateleconferencefromCopenhagen,Majorsaidmagnesiumchloride,whichisextractedfromseawater,wouldcost$0.001pergramcomparedto$0.3forcadmiumchloride.Itwouldalsoeliminatethechallenge
4、sandexpenseofhandlingcadmiumchloride,ahighlytoxiccompoundthatrequireselaboratesafetymeasurestoprotectworkersduringitsmanufactureandaspecialdisposalprocesswhenpanelsarenolongerneeded.“Sowhatwehavedonewithoutanylossofefficiencyistoreplaceexpensiveandhighlytoxicmaterialwithonethatisco
5、mpletelybenignandmuchlowercostintheprocess,”Majorsaid.“Thisoffersagreatcostbenefitforproductionofthesekindsofsolarcellsandcouldhelpmakeastepchangeintheproductionofthem.”Thesolarmarketiscurrentlydominatedbypanelsmadewithsilicon.Inabidtomakesolarmorecompetitive,thereisgrowinginterest
6、fromcompanieslikeFirstSolarindevelopingsolarcellsusingcadmiumtelluride,whichismoreefficientandmoreflexiblesoitcouldbeappliedmanymoresurfacesincludingwindows.Tomakethesecadmiumtelluridecells,athinlayerofcadmiumchlorideisappliedtothesolarcell,andthenheatedupinafurnace.Thisisconsidere
7、dtheactivationprocess,Majorsaid,helpingboostacell’sefficiencyfromaround1percenttoasmuchas20percent.Inabidtofindasaferalternative,Majorandhisteamfirstlookedatsodiumchloride,butfoundtheefficiencywasabouthalfofcadmiumchloride.Anotheroptionwasdifluorochloromethanebutthathasbeenlinkedto
8、ozonedepletionanditsusehas
