无机化学反式-氧族元素.doc

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1、氧(2s22p4)O2O2+2H22H2O O2+3F2+Pt2O2+3F2+Pt502+2C2H24CO2↑+2H2OO2+2C6H8O6(抗坏血酸)2C6H6O6+2H20(利用此反应可除去水中的氧)3O22O3O3          O3O2+[O]4O3+4NaOH4NaO3+O2+2H2OO3+2KI+2H2O2KOH+I2+O2↑2O3+PbSPbSO4↓+O2↑2O3+2KClO32KCl+6O2↑O3+C2H42O3+C16H10N2O2(靛蓝)2C8H5NO2+2O2↑H2O2  

2、             2H2O22H2O+O2↑H2O2+H2SS+2H2OH2O2+HS-+7OH-SO42-+5H2OH2O2(100%)+HNO3(浓)HNO4(过硝酸)+H2OH2O2+2KI2KOH+I2H2O2+2KI+2HCl2KCl+I2+2H2OH2O2+2KI+H2SO4K2SO4+I2+2H2OH2O2+3I-+2H+I3-+2H2O4H2O2+PbS(黑色)PbSO4(白色)↓+4H2OH2O2+2[Fe(CN)6]3-2[Fe(CN)6]4-+2H++O2↑2KMnO4

3、+3H2SO4+5H2O2K2SO4+2MnSO4+5O2+8H2OTiO2-+H2O2[TiO(H2O2)]2+(桔黄色)(该反应可用于Ti(IV)的定性检验和比色分析)Cr2O72-+4H2O2+2H+2CrO5+5H2O(蓝色,在有机溶剂中稳定)(该反应可用于Cr(+Ⅵ)的定性检验)2AuCl3+3H2O22Au+6HCl+3O2H2O2+Br2O2+2HBrH2O2+2HBrBr2+2H2OH2O2+2HClCl2+2H2OH2O2+K2S2O8K2SO4+H2SO4+O2NaOBr+H2O

4、2NaBr+H2O+O2SnCl2+2HCl+H2O2SnCl4+2H2O2TiCl3+H2O2+2HCl2TiCl4+2H2O2Hg+4H2O22HgO+4H2O+O22Ce(SO4)2+H2O2Ce2(SO4)3+H2SO4+O2Ag2O+3H2O22Ag+3H2O+2O2硫(3s23p4)SS+H2H2S+4.9(千卡)S+3F2(过量)SF62S+5F2S2F102S+Cl2(将干燥Cl2通入熔化的S)S2Cl2(液)+14.2(千卡)S2Cl2+Cl2(过量)2SCl2(液,红色)+12(

5、千卡)SCl2+Cl2(液)SCl4S+2Cl2(过量)SCl4S+O2 SO2↑2S+302+2H2O2H2SO4(S在潮湿空气中缓慢氧化成H2SO4)3S+2AlAl2S3S(粉)+Zn(粉)ZnSS(粉)+Fe(粉)FeSS(粉)+2Cu(粉)Cu2SS(蒸气)+HgHgSS+2AgAg2S总之:     mS+nMMnSm(M为大多数金属,除Au,Pt外)S+2H2SO4(浓)3SO2↑+2H2OS+6HNO22SO3+3N2O+3H2O3S+6HNO23H2SO4+3N24S+3HNO3+

6、3H2O4SO3+3NH3SO3+2NH3+H2O(NH4)2SO43S+4HNO33SO2↑+4NO↑+2H2OS+6HNO3(浓)H2SO4+6NO2↑+2H2O(主要反应)5S+S2Cl2+3NH3S7NH(亚氨基化硫)+2NH4Cl 附：石硫合剂   配制时将生石灰、硫磺(粉)、水按照1:2:10混合，在搅拌下煮沸一小时，发生以下反应：3S+3H2O2H2S+H2SO43S+H2S+Ca(OH)2CaS.S3+2H2O4S+H2S+Ca(OH)2CaS.S4+2H2OS+H2SO3+Ca(O

7、H)2CaS2O3+2H2O  石硫合剂在空气中的变化：2CaS3+3O22CaS2O3+4S↓2CaS5+3O22CaS2O3+6S↓2CaS2O3+O22CaSO4+2S↓2CaSX+2H2OCa(OH)2+H2S↑+(x-1)S↓(X=4或5)CaSX+CO2+H2OCaCO3+H2S↑+(x-1)S↓(X=4或5)H2SH2SH2↑+S+4.8(千卡)2H2S(气)+3O22SO2↑+2H2O2H2S(气)+O22S↓+2H2O(当H2S溶液暴露在空气中也发生类似的缓慢反应)H2S+2NH3

8、.H2O(NH4)2S+H2OH2S(气)+NH3.H2O(稀)NH4HS+H2OH2S+H2SO4(63%以上)SO2↑+S↓+2H2OH2S+2HNO3(浓)2NO2↑+S↓+2H2OH2S+2HNO3(大于5%)2NO↑+3S↓+4H2OH2S+ZnCl2+2CH3COONa2CH3COOH+2NaCl+ZnSH2S+2NaOClH2SO4+4NaCl(去掉乙炔气体中H2S的反应)H2S+Na2PbO2PbS+2NaOHH2S+Zn(CH3COO)2ZnS+2C