新版新目标英语七年级下册unit12知识点总结.doc

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1、Unit12Whatdidyoudolastweekend?SectionA1.camp(1)vi宿营；露营；扎营gocamping去野营campout野营露营(2)n.野营；帐篷；营地summercamp夏令营wintercamp冬令营2.by(1)by+地点名词表方位，在…旁边bythelake/river/tree/window/doorbythesideofthepath.在路边注：表从…旁经过,多与动词go/walk/pass等连用。(2)by+时间名词到…时（已发生某事），谓语多用完成时；最晚、不迟

2、于…，在…之前bynow/then/thistime/nextFriday/theendof/threeo`clock等。Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompleted到去年年底，又有一座新体育馆峻工了。(3)by+名词表方法、方式、手段等。A.by+the+可数的时间、长度、重量等名词。按…计算，按…买(卖)bythepound/ton/yard/meter/dozen/bale/day/month等。B.by+表示时间、长度、重量等总称的不可数名

3、词（名词前不加冠词）。按…计算，按…买(卖)bytime/volume/length/weight/height/depth/width/area等。C.by+交通工具、交通方式名词（名词前不加冠词，不变复数）。通过…，由…，乘…bytrain/rail/tube/taxi/bus/truck/bike/boat/plane;byland/road/sea/water/air等。（onfoot)D.by+抽象名词或具有抽象意义的普通名词（名词前不加冠词，不变复数）靠…，通过…，由…所致byskill/deter

4、mination/practice/diligence/inference/chance/accident;bymail/letter/radio/fax/telephone/telegraph/hand/machine等。E.by+地点或工具等具体名词。表路线、途径，通过（某物、某地），取道…byastonebridge/thebackdoor/thefreeway/countryroads等F.by+动词ing通过…，靠…，凭…bywaiting/practing/begging/working/imita

5、ting(4)by+数量词A.表升降、增减的程度。byone-fifth/20percent/￡3/twofeetB.表示距离和面积、体积中的尺寸及乘除法中的运算。by2cm/6inches/fourfeet/nineyards/ahair`sbreadth(5)by+身体部位名词或衣服名词。表示被抓住身体/衣物的某一部分，常与动词catch/seize/take/hold/grab等连用bythehair/hand/arm/nose/horns;bythecollar/lape/sleeve等。Thepoli

6、cemancaughtthethiefbythearm.警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。Thesoldiergrabbedthechildbythecollar.那个士兵揪住了孩子的衣领。(6)by的常见短语：bymeansof/bywayof/bytheway/onebyone/stepbystep/sidebyside/shoulderbyshoulder/byoneself/bybirth/bysociety/take…bysurprise/learn…byheart/whatdoyoumeanby…/bymywa

7、tch3.last/next/this/that+时间在句中做状语时，其前不用介词4.常用do,does,did,don’t,doesn’t,didn’t代替前文提到的动词。(1)Whocleanedtheroom?Mike_____.A.wasB.doesC.isD.did(2)Idon’tthinkheissogreat,butmymother_______.(3)PetervisitedhisEnglishteacherthismorning,butTony_______.A.isn’tB.wasn’tC

8、.doesn’tD.didn’t(4)IlikeSportsNewsverymuch._____.A.Ilike,tooB.Ido,tooC.Idon’tlike,eitherD.Idon’t,either(5)MyfatherlikesSportsNews,butmymother_____.5.as(1)adv表程度，同样地。在as...as...，notas...as...结构中的