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1、状语:说明事物发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。状语可以由副词,短语以及从句来担任。Ⅰ过去分词可以作哪些状语?1.Askedwhyhedidn’tdoit,hebegantocry.时间2.Givenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.条件3.Bornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.原因4.Althoughdefeatedmanytimes,theycontinuedtofight.让步5.Theteacherstoodth
2、eresurroundedbythestudents.伴随6.Shebeginstocryloudlyasifbittenbyasnake.方式过去分词常表示被动的或已完成的动作,可用作时间，条件、原因、让步或伴随情况的状语。有时在其前还可以带上连词1.Whenhewasaskedwhyhedidn’tdoit,hebegantocry.(When)Askedwhyhedidn’tdoit,hebegantocry.(时间)2.IfIamgivenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.(If)Givenmoretime,I’llcatc
3、hupwithyou.(条件)Ⅱ.分词作状语,可以补充完整为相应的状语从句.3.When/Ifwaterisheated,waterturnsintosteam.(时间或条件)(When/If)Heated,waterturnsintosteam.(需带连词，以区别when,if)4.Onceitisused,itwillneverbesoldagain.Onceused,itwillneverbesoldagain.5.Becausehewasbornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.B
4、ornandbroughtupinthevillage,…(原因)6.Althoughtheyhadbeendefeatedmanytimes,theycontinuedtofight.(让步)Althoughdefeatedmanytimes,…7.Shebeginstocryloudlyasifshehas/hadbeenbittenbyasnake.Shebeginstocryloudlyasifbittenbyasnake.(方式，asif不能省略)8.Thewomanscientistenteredthelab,followedbyherass
5、istants.(伴随状语,没有状语从句可以代替)Note1:从句多用被动语态，即：过去分词与主语在逻辑上的被动关系。试比较：1.WhenvisitingLondonatnight,youareabitlikeinadream.=WhenyouvisitLondon……2.Whenvisitedatnight,youmustmakesurethevisitorisreallyyourfriend.=Whenyouarevisited……Note2:过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是句子的主语。(F)Seenfromthehill,wecanseeabeaut
6、ifulpark.(T)Seenfromthehill,theparkisbeautiful.(F)Settledinafriendlyway,theyendedtheirquarrel.(T)Settledinafriendlyway,theirquarrelended.Theboyrushedintotheclassroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.独立主格结构,经常表示伴随.Note3:习惯表达作插入语起评注说明作用，用法固定，不必考虑逻辑上的关系，常用的有：generally/strictlyspeaking;judgin
7、gfromconsidering;given考虑到;supposingthat;talkingof说到，谈到；seeingthat由于；Generallyspeaking,mencanrunfasterthanwomen.Givenherinterestinchildren,I’msureteachingistherightcareerforher.Checkyourhomework(USINGSTRUCTURES,page57)Answerkeyforexercise1:Well-knownforhisbooksaboutSouthAfrica,JMC
8、oetzeewontheBookerPrize.Aprincessonceown
