资源描述：
《华中师范大学08年考博真题.doc》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。
1、2008年华中师范大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题（A卷）（注意：答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效）PartIReadingComprehension(40%)Directions:Inthisparttherearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosetheoneyouthinkisthebestanswer,andthenwriteyouranswe
2、rontheAnswerSheet.PassageOneInAmerica’sfiercelyadversariallegalsystem,agoodlawyerisessential.AskO.JSimpson.Inalandmarkcase35yearsago,Gideonv.Wainwright,aunanimousSupremeCourtruledthatindigentdefendantsmustbeprovidedwithalawyeratstateexpensebecausetherecouldbenofairt
3、rialinaseriouscriminalcasewithoutone.“Thisseemstoustobeanobvioustruth,”wroteJusticeHugoBlackinhisopinion.Atthetime,thedecisionwashailedasatriumphforjustice,anexampleofAmerica’scommitmenttotheidealofequalitybeforethelaw.ThisistheimagemostAmericansstillhaveoftheircrim
4、inal-justicesystem---thefairestintheworld,inwhichanydefendant,nomatterhow,getsasmartlawyerwho,toooften,managestogettheculpritoffonatechnicality.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.About80%ofpeopleaccusedofafelonyhavetodependonapublicly-providedlawyer;butoverthepasttwo
5、decadestheeagernessofpoliticianstolookharshoncrime,theirreluctancetopayforpublicdefenders,andaseriesofSupremeCourtjudgmentsrestrictingthegroundsforappealhavemadeamockeryofGideon.Todaymanyindigentdefendants,includingthosefacinglongtermsofimprisonmentorevendeath,aretr
6、eatedtoa“meet’emandplead’em”defense---abriefconsultationinwhichaharriedorincompetentlawyerencouragesthemtopleadguiltyonifthatfail,strugglethroughashorttrialinwhichthedefenseismassivelyoutgunnedbyamoreexperienced,better-paidandbetter-preparedprosecutor.“Wehaveawealth
7、-basedsystemofjustice,”saysStephenBright,thedirectoroftheSouthernCenterforHumanRights.“Forthewealthy,it’sgold-plated.Fortheaveragepoorperson,it’slikebeingherdedtotheslaughter-house.Inmanyplacestheadversarialsystembarelyexistsforthepoor.”Manylawyers,ofcourse,havemade
8、heroiceffortsforparticulardefendantsforlittleornopay,butthecharityoflawyerscanbereliedontohandleonlyatinyfractionofcases.Asspendingonpolic
