贫穷是多么昂贵.doc

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1、贫穷是多么昂贵　　About50yearsago，PresidentLyndonB.Johnson1madeamovethatwasunprecedentedatthetimeandremainsunmatchedbysucceedingadministrations.HeannouncedaWaronPoverty，sayingthatits“chiefweapons”wouldbe“betterschools，andbetterhealth，andbetterhomes，andbettertraining，a

2、ndbetterjobopportunities.”　　Sostartingin1964andforalmostadecade，thefederalgovernmentpouredatleastsomeofitsresourcesinthedirectiontheyshouldhavebeengoingallalong：towardthosewhoweremostinneed.LongstandingprogramslikeHeadStart，LegalServices，andtheJobCorpswerecre

3、ated.Medicaidwasestablished.PovertyamongseniorswassignificantlyreducedbyimprovementsinSocialSecurity.2　　Johnsonseemedtohaveestablishedtheprinciplethatitistheresponsibilityofgovernmenttointerveneonbehalfofthedisadvantagedanddeprived.Buttherewasneverenoughmoney

4、forthefightagainstpoverty，andJohnsonfoundhimselfincreasinglydistractedbyanotheranddeadlierwar―theoneinVietnam3.Althoughunderfunded，theWaronPovertystillmanagedtoprovokeanintensebacklash4fromconservativeintellectualsandpoliticians.　　Intheirview，governmentprogra

5、mscoulddonothingtohelpthepoorbecausepovertyarisesfromthetwistedpsychologyofthepoorthemselves.BytheReaganera，ithadbecomeacornerstoneofconservativeideologythatpovertyiscausednotbylowwagesoralackofjobsandeducation，butbythebadattitudesandfaultylifestylesofthepoor

6、.5　　Pickinguponthistheory，punditsandpoliticianshavebemoanedthecharacterfailingsandbadhabitsofthepoorforatleastthepast50years.6Intheirview，thepoorareshiftless，irresponsible，andpronetoaddiction.7Theyhavetoomanychildrenandfailtogetmarried.Soiftheysufferfromgriev

7、ousmaterialdeprivation，iftheyrunoutofmoneybetweenpaychecks，iftheydonotalwayshavefoodontheirtables―thentheyhavenoonetoblamebutthemselves.　　Inthe1990s，withabipartisanattackonwelfare，thiskindofprejudiceagainstthepoortookadrasticallymisogynisticturn.8Poorsinglemo

8、therswereidentifiedasakeylinkinwhatwascalled“thecycleofpoverty9.”Bystayingathomeandcollectingwelfare，theysetatoxicexamplefortheirchildren，who―importantpolicymakerscametobelieve―wouldbebet