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1、ZhongHuaCityGateCastleNowwearearrivingatZhongHuaCityGateCastle,itisashighasa5-storeyedbuilding,veryimpressivetothevisitorstoNanjing.AndI’dliketomakeanintroductionoftheancientcitywallfirst.City,symbolizingthehumansocietydevelopingtowardcivilization.Itisnotonlythebasicbarrio（区域）ofChinese
2、people’slivingspace,butalsoanimportantwaytomakecountrystable.Inthissense,Nanjingcitywallbuilt600yearsagoandbasicallypreservedwelltilltoday,isworld-classhumanculturalheritage.Thebuildingofthewallbeganin1366,orderedbyZhuyuanzhang,whoadoptedthesuggestionof“buildingthehighwall“byoneofhiswi
3、sestaff(zhusheng).Andtheprojecttaketotally20years.Andmorethan200,000peopleof125countiesfrom5provinceinsouthernChina(jiangsu,anhui,jiangxi,hubei,hunan)wereemployedontheproject.NanjingCityWallwasthelongestcitywallintheworldandthecityenclosedbyitremainedtheworld’slargestuntil17thcentury.I
4、tboasted33.676kmincircumference（周长）andthepreservationis23.743kmlong.Theheightisfrom14-26metersandthebaseofthewallis14meterswideandthetopofthewallis4-9meterswide.Greatpartofthewallbaseismadeofgraniteorrectangularslabsoflime-stone,andbothsidesofthewallarelaidwithhugebricks.Eachbrickis45c
5、mlong,20cmwideand10cmthickwithaweightof15kg.Thebrickswerecementedinwithamortar(灰泥)oflime,tongoil,glutinousricegruel.Manypartsofthewallarestillingoodcondition,itisagooddemonstrationofit’ssolidity.Allthebricksweremadeinthe5provincesImentionedbefore.Forthequalitycontrol,everybrickwasengra
6、vedwiththename,originoftheartisanandsupervisoraswellasthedateofmakingit.Thecityhad13gatesintheMingDynasty,suchasSanshangate,jubaogate,tongjigate,taipinggateandsoon.Amongallthegates,Sanshan,jubaoandtongjigatescovering3wengchengbecauseoftheirstrategeticimportance.AndHanzhonggatecovering2
7、wengcheng,andHongwu,Qingliang,Shengcecoveringonly1wengcheng.Amongthem,Jubaogateisthelargestandmostspecialone,whichchangeditsnameintopresentZhonghuagatein1931,whenZhonghuaRoadwasconstructed.ThegatewasformerlycalledtheTreasureBowlGate,whichisconnectedwithaninterestingstorypopularamongt
