选修7动词不定式与被动语态Unit2 Grammar.ppt

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1、GrammarPassiveVoice一.复习被动语态(RevisethePassiveVoice)英语动词有主动语态（theactivevoice）和被动语态（thepassivevoice）两种形式。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：Everyoneenjoysexcitingsports.(主动语态)Excitingsportsareenjoyedbyeveryone.(被动语态)Musicisbeingtaught(byMissLi)now.转换规则：用公式表示为:(主动)S+V+OS(O)+V(be+V-ed)+by+O(S),如：M

2、issLiisteachingmusicnow.一般：bedone进行：bebeingdone完成：havebeendone一　般进　行完　成现　在am/is/aregiven过　去was/weregiven将　来shall/willbegiven时式二、常见主被动时态变化一览表am/is/arebeinggivenhas/havebeengivenwas/werebeinggivenhadbeengivenshall/willhavebeengiven1.Englishisspokenallovertheworld.2.Thewaterisbeingturnedintova

3、pour.3.Thoseroomshavenotbeencleanedyet.4.Hewasseentoentertheroom.5.Atthattimetheywerebeingshownhowtorunthemachine.6.Radioshadjustbeeninventedthen,andpeopleweretalkingaboutsendingpicturesbyelectricity.7.MadameCuriewillalwaysberememberedasthediscovereroftheelementradium.8.Beforeyoucomeback,th

4、ebuildingwillhavebeenfinished.不定式被动式的用法:不定式与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时,要用不定式的被动式。一般被动式即tobedone表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生;完成被动式即tohavebeendone表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。e.g.Heorderedthebridgetobebuiltwithinthemonth.他命令在月内建成这座桥。(一般被动式)Shewasgladtohavebeengivensomuchhelp.得到如此多的帮助,她很高兴。(完成被动式)三.动词不定式的主动被动结构变化一览表一般式进

5、行式完成式主　动todotobedoingtohavedone被　动tobedonetohavebeendoneThemeetingtobeheldisofgreatimportance.(2)Thebridgetobebuiltnextyearisjustbetweentheonebuiltlastyearandtheonebeingbuiltnow.(3)Thishouseseemstohavebeenbuiltbyagoodarchitect.Moreexamples:通常在believe,suppose,say,report等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态

6、以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换。如：TheysaythatMikeissickinbed.ItissaidthatMikeissickinbed.Mikeissaidtobesickinbed.据说麦克卧床不起.Peoplebelievethathewaskilled.Itisbelievedthathewaskilled.Heisbelievedtohavebeenkilled.大家相信他被杀了。二、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式,在句中作主语、宾语、定语,或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等。Itisagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized.(主

7、语)Shepreferredtohavebeengivenheavierworktodo.(宾语)Hethoughtitanhonortohavebeeninvitedtotheparty.(复合宾语)Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.(复合谓语)Shewasthefirstwomantohavebeenelectedtosuchapost.(定语)三、不定式的主动形式表示被动在therebe结构中。例如：Thereisalotofho