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1、2.独立主格结构中的being和havingbeen常省略1）。Thefootballmatch(being)over,crowdsofpeoplepouredoutintothestreet.2).Nobody(being)in,Ididn’tenterthehall.3).Allthewindows(being)open,theairintheroomisfresher.4).Allthetickets(havingbeen)soldout,wehadtowaitforthenextweek’sshow.注意：1.)当独立主格中的beingdone表示“正在被做时”，
2、being此时不可省。Foodbeingcooked,Ifellasleep.2).当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是it,there时，being常不省。Itbeingfine,wecangotothebeach.Therebeingnotimeleft,wehadtospeedup.大多数的独立主格结构可以用“with+宾语+宾语补足语”来代替。1）。Helaytherethinking,hishandsbehindhishead.(=withhishandsbehindhishead)非谓语动词的独立主格结构：“名词或代词+非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称为非谓语动词的
3、独立主格结构。不定式构成的独立主格结构（表示还未发生的行为或状态，在句中做原因状语、条件状语）Lotsofhomeworktodo,Ihavetostayathome.动词-ing形式构成的独立主格结构：如动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，就要用动词-ing形式的独立主格结构（在句中常做时间状语、原因、条件、方式状语）1）。表时间Theaudiencehavingseatedthemselves,theconcertbegan.2).表方式或伴随Thecowardwasbacking,hisfacebeingdeathlypale,towardanother
4、room.表原因Theguideleadingtheway,wehadnotroublegettingoutoftheforest.=Astheguideledtheway,……表条件：Weatherpermitting,wewillgoonanoutingtothebeachnow.(=Ifweatherpermits…)Suchbeingthecase,youhavenogroundsfordismissinghim.(=Ifsuchisthecase…)动词-ed形式构成的独立主格结构（是由逻辑主语+动词-ed形式构成，常做时间、原因、伴随、条件状语）1）表时间Th
5、etaskcompleted,wehadaglobaltraveling.=Thetaskhavingbeencompleted…=Afterthetaskwascompleted,…2).表方式或伴随Whenintrouble,Tomwouldsitalone,headbent.3)。表原因Thousandsofeyesfixeduponher,Maryfeltonedge.=Asthousandsofeyeswerefixeduponher,….4).表条件Moretimeandmoneygiven,wecanfinishtheworkinadvance.(=Ifmo
6、retimeandmoneyaregiven,……)注意：不定式往往表示没有发生或即将发生动词-ing形式表示正在进行的动作或状态动词-ed形式表示已经完成和被动的行为Somanywindowstoclean,Ihadtodevotethewholeafternoon.将要Allthewindowscleaned,Ihadagoodrest.完成、被动Thequestionbeingdiscussed,amancameupwithapracticalsolution.进行Whilewalkingontheplayground,_____.aballhitmeB.myhea
7、dwashitbyaballC.IwashitbyaballD.hewasbadlywounded2._____,hewentouttoplaybasketball.TheexercisedoneB.ontheexercisesC.HavingbeendonetheexercisesD.Theexerciseshavingfinished3._______,therewardwasgiventohim.BeinghonestB.AsanhonestboyC.HebeinghonestD.Hewashonest4._______
