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1、英美文学选读历年客观题1.“Letitnotbesupposedbytheenemiesof‘thesystem,’thatduringtheperiodofhissolitaryincarceration,Oliverwasdeniedthebenefitofexercise,thepleasureofsociety,ortheadvantagesofreligiousconsolation.”WhatdoyouthinkCharlesDickensintendstosayintheabove
2、ironicstatementtakenfromOliverTwist?Thesentenceisatypicalexampleofirony.WhatDickensintendstosayisjusttheoppositeofthesentence’sliteralmeaning.Forthe“benefit”ofexercise,Oliverwhippedeverymorninginastoneyard;forthe“pleasure”ofsociety,hewascarriedawayev
3、eryotherdaytothedinninghallandfloggedasapublicwarningandexampletotheboys;asforthe“advantages”ofthereligiousconsolation,hekickedoutintoapartmenteveryeveningatprayertimeandlistenedtotheboy’sprayertobeguardedagainsthissinsandvices.Theironicstatementis,i
4、nfact,abitterdenunciationandfierceattackatthebrutal,inhumantreatmentofthepoororphanbytheworkhouseauthority.2.HowisRomanticismdifferentfromNeoclassicism?Providebriefevidencefromtheliteraryworksyouknowbest?Neoclassicistsupheldthattheartisticidealsshoul
5、dbeorder,logic,restrainedemotionandaccuracy,andthatliteratureshouldbejudgedintermsofitsservicetohumanity,andthus,literaryexpressionsshouldbeofproportion,unity,harmonyandgrace.AlexanderPope’s“AnEssayonCriticism”advocatedgrace,wit(usuallythoughsatire/h
6、umor),andsimplicityinlanguage(andthepoemitselfisademonstrationofthoseideals,too),HenryFielding’sTomJoneshelpedestablishtheformofnovel;Gray’sElegyWritteninCountryChurchyarddisplayseleganceinstyle,unifiedstructure,serioustoneandmoralinstructions.Romant
7、iciststendedtoseetheindividualastheverycenterofallexperience,includingart,andthus,literaryworkshouldbe“spontaneousoverflowofstrongfeelings”,andnomatterhowfragmentarythoseexperiencesare(Wordsworth’sIWanderedLonelyasaCloudorTheSolitaryReaperorColeridge
8、’sKebleKhan),thevalueoftheworkliedintheaccuracyofpresentingthoseuniquefeelingsandparticularattitudes.Inaword,NeoclassicismemphasizedrationalityandformbutRomanticismattachedgreatimportancetotheindividual’smind.3.EnglishRomanticismisgenerallysaidtohave