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时间:2020-05-04
《中国特有种枝毛野牡丹传粉生物学及繁育系统研究-论文.pdf》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。
1、林业科学研究2014,27(1):011~016ForestResearch文章编号:1001—1498(2014)01-0011-06中国特有种枝毛野牡丹传粉生物学及繁育系统研究术彭东辉,兰思仁,吴沙沙(福建农林大学园林学院,福建福州350002)摘要:对海南吊罗山国家级自然保护区枝毛野牡丹(Melastomadendrisetosum)的开花进程,访花昆虫、访花行为、访花频率以及气候条件等进行观察记录,同时检测了花粉活力、柱头可授性、花粉胚珠比、繁育系统,并分析其致濒机制。结果表明:枝毛野牡丹是典型的异型雄蕊植物,
2、5:30—8:30逐步开放,8:30—9:0o完全开放,19:o0花朵闭合,单花开放时间为l2一l4h,群体花期36±2d,无花蜜。访花昆虫主要有木蜂科、条蜂科、蚁科、食蚜蝇科的昆虫,最有效传粉昆虫为木蜂科昆虫。自然与人工授粉、套袋等试验结果表明,枝毛野牡丹不存在主动白花授粉、无融合生殖的生殖保障现象,为自交亲和的异交种,需要昆虫传粉,枝毛野牡丹繁育系统是兼性自交。枝毛野牡丹相对生殖成功率低仅为0.035,主要限制因子为花粉限制和传粉者限制。关键词:枝毛野牡丹;传粉;繁育系统;异型雄蕊;致濒机制中图分类号:S685文献
3、标识码:APollinationBiologyandBreedingSystemofMelastomadendrisetosumPENGDong—hui,LANSi—ren,Sha-sha(CollegeofLandscapeArchitecture,FujianAcultureandForestryUniversity,Fuzhou350002,F~ian,China)Abstract:ToinvestigatethepollinationcharacteristicsofMelastomadendrisetosum
4、C.Chen,thefloweringphenolo—gY,thepollinators,theirbehavior,the~equencyofpollinator’visitingandclimateconditionwereobserved.Be.sides,thepollenviability,thestigmaacceptability,P/O(pollen/ovulerate)andthebreedingsystemofden—drizetosumwereexamined,whichwasstudiedinD
5、iaoluoNationalNatureReserve,HainanProvince,China.TheresultsshowedthatM.dendrisetosumistypicallyheteranthery.TheflowersofM.dendrisetosumcomeintoblossomat5:30—8:30a.m.,intofu11一blownat8:30—9:00a.m.andintopetal—shutat7:O0P.m.Theflorescenceofin.dividualflowerandpopu
6、lationflowerswere12—14hoursand36±2daysrespectively.Therewasnonectarintheflowers.ThespeciesofpollinatorwereXylocopidae,Anthophoridae,Formicidae,Syrphidaeandetc.Themostef-fectivepollinatorwascarpenterbee.Thefieldexperimentsindicatedthatthefruitsetsweresignificantl
7、yhighinbothartificiallyout-crossedandself-pollinatedflowers.whilenofruitsetwasobservedinbaggedemasculatedflowersandtheunpollinatedbaggedflowers.Theseindicatedthattherewerenoserf-compatible,noself-pollinationandagamo-spermyinthisspecies.Pollinatorswerenecessaryfo
8、rit.ThebreedingsystemofMdendrisetosumwasatypicalfac—uhativeinbredtype.TherelativereproductiveSuccess(RRS)was0.035,pollenandpollinatorlimitationwerethemostimportantlim
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