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1、---------EnglishanditshistoryAlltroughhistory,peoplefrommanydifferentcountriesandcultureshavelivedtogetherinBritain.TheEnglishlanguageismadeupofgrammarandvocabularythesepeoplebroughttoBritain.ThatiswhyEnglishhassomanydifficultrulesthatconfusepeople.OldEnglishOldEnglishisverydiffe
2、rentfromtheEnglishwespeaknowadays.Infact,wewouldnotbethspokealanguagecalledCeltic.ThentwoGermanicgroupsfromtheEuropeanmainland—theAnglesandtheSaxons—occupiedBritain.OldEnglishconsistofamixtureoftheirlanguages.BoththeEnglishlanguageandtheEnglishpeoplearenamedaftertheAngles;theword
3、AnglewasspeltEngleinOldEnglish.AsidefromplacenamessuchasLondon,veryfewCelticwordsbecamepartofOldEnglish.Attheendofthe9thcentury,theVikings,peoplefromNorthernEuropeancountriessuchasDenmarkandNorway,begantomovetoBritain.Theybroughtwiththemtheirlanguages,whichalsomixedwithOldEnglish
4、.Bythe10thcentury,OldEnglishhadbecometheofficiallanguageofEngland.WhenwespeakEnglishtoday,wesometimesfeelpuzzledaboutwhichwordsorphrasestouse.ThisisbecauseEnglishhasmanywordsorphrasesfromdifferentlanguages,butwithsimilarmeanings.Forexample,thewordsickcamefromawordonceusedbytheAng
5、lesandSaxons,whileillcomefromawordonceusedbytheNorwegians.MiddleEnglishththMiddleEnglishisthenamegivetotheEnglishusedfromaroundthe12tothe15centuries.ManythingsplayedapartinthedevelopmentofthisnewtypeofEnglish.ThemostimportantcontributionwasfromtheNormans,aFrench-speakingpeoplewho
6、defeatedEnglandandtookcontrolofthecountryin1066.However,theNormanConquestdidnotaffectEnglishasmuchastheAnglesandtheSaxons’victoryabout600yearsearlier,whichledtoOldEnglishreplacingCeltic.EventhoughtheNormansspokeFrenchfortheentre250yearstheyruledtheEngland,theEnglishlanguagedidbor
7、rowmanywordsfromFrench.Thisresultedinevenmorewordswithsimilarmeanings,suchasanswer(fromOldEnglish)andreply(fromOldFrench).Itisinterestingtolearnhowwordsforanimalsandmeatdeveloped.AftertheNormanConquest,manyEnglishpeopleworkedasservantswhoraisedanimals.Therefore,thewordsweuseformo
8、stanimalsraisedforfood,suchascow,sheepan
