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时间:2020-05-01
《南方红壤区农田道路强降雨侵蚀过程试验.pdf》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、2012年9月农业机械学报第43卷第9期DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000—1298.2012.09.017南方红壤区农田道路强降雨侵蚀过程试验郑海金杨洁张洪江汪邦稳肖胜生段剑(1.北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083;2.江西省水土保持科学研究所,南昌330029)【摘要】以南方红壤区江西水土保持生态科技园为研究区,通过野外调查选择4种典型农田道路(即裸露土路、碎石道路、泥结石路和植草土路)设置12个原位试验小区,采用人工模拟降雨试验研究了3.0mm/min强降雨条件下农田道路侵蚀过程及特征。结果表明:
2、被高度压实的农田道路产流时间短(小于2min),并在2~6min内径流趋于平稳,径流系数高达65%以上;农田道路产流初期侵蚀率较大,随后下降并在一段时间内趋于稳定。降雨后期,裸露土路路面出现细沟和微型切沟导致侵蚀率有所增大;与裸露土路相比,碎石道路、泥结石路和植草土路均可以改变路面径流的水力学特征,实现土质道路防护和减少侵蚀产沙的作用,减沙效益最低也可达40%左右,并以植草土路的水土保持效果最佳。关键词:农田道路南方红壤区侵蚀过程减沙效益中图分类号:S157.1文献标识码:A文章编号:1000—1298(2012)09—0
3、085.06FieldSimulatedExperimentonErosionProcessesofDifferentFarmRoadsunderaHeavyRaininRedSoilRegionZhengHaijin’YangJieZhangHongjiangWangBangwenXiaoShengshengDuanJian(1.CollegeofSoilandWaterConservation,BeringForestryUniversity,Bering100083,China2.JiangxiInstituteof
4、SoilandWaterConservation,Nanchang330029,China)AbstractTotally4farmroads,i.e.thebareunpavedroad,thestonecoveredroad,thestoneandgrasscoveredroadandthegrasscoveredroad,wereselectedontherepresentativeareanamedJiangxiEco—scienceParkofSoilandWaterConservation.Twelverain
5、fallsimulationexperimentswithanintensity0f3.0mm/minwerecarriedoutontheselectedroads.Theresultsindicatedthatrunoffromthefarnlroadswasrecordedlessthan2min.Therunoffrateincreasedquicklyandreachedsteadylevelinthefirst2~6min.Therunoffcoeficientwasabove65%.Theerosionrat
6、ewashighatthebeginningoftherainfallandthendecreasedduetothelossoffinesoilsurfaceparticlesandporositychanges.Atlaterperiod,theerosionrateofthebareunpavedroadincreasedtosomeextentduetotheappearanceofrillandmicro—gully.Comparedwiththebareunpavedroad,thestonecoveredro
7、ad,thestoneandgrasscoveredroadandthegrasscoveredroadcanallchangetherunoffhydrauliccharacteristics,SOtoprotectthefarmroadsanddecreasesedimentyield.Thelowestbenefitofsedimentreductionwasuptoabout40%amongthem,andthegrassedroadhadthebestbenefitofsoilandwaterconservati
8、on.KeywordsFarmroads,RedsoilregionofsouthernChina,Erosionprocess,Sedimentreductionrat较大,其中6。以上坡耕地面积为3.30万km,占旱引言地面积的70%以上。南方红壤区在坡耕地开发南方红壤区是一个低山丘陵地区,坡耕地面
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