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时间:2020-04-30
《不同植被防护措施对三峡库区土质道路边坡侵蚀的影响.pdf》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、应用生态学报2012年4月第23卷第4期ChineseJournalofAppliedEcology,Apr.2012,23(4):896—902不同植被防护措施对三峡库区土质道路边坡侵蚀的影响;l:刘窑军王天巍一李朝霞蔡崇法(华中农业大学水土保持研究中心,武汉430070)摘要道路建设形成的大量裸露边坡缺乏防护常常导致严重的水土流失,是山区流域重要的侵蚀源.本文以三峡库区新修土质道路边坡为研究对象,布设草本、草灌结合、草灌+梯坎组合、植生带、坡耕地、草本+坡耕地组合进行边坡防护,结合野外自然降雨观测,研究降雨及植被防护对边坡侵蚀的影响.结果表明:草灌结合措施的植被恢复速度最快,平均盖度由
2、20.2%增加到91.6%,对土壤容重和导水率改善最明显,降低容重9.5%,增加导水率678.1%,其次是草本措施和植生带;梯坎+草灌结合的抗侵蚀能力最强,截流效率和阻沙效率分别为72.3%和80.2%,适用于坡度>45。路堑,其次是草灌结合和草本,草本对路堤的防护效果高于路堑,草灌结合对路堑的防护效果更理想;在15。缓坡路堤,草本+坡耕地处理对径流的拦截效率很低,仅2.0%,但拦截泥沙效率与草本和草灌相当,为23.O%,当坡度<15。路堤被用作耕地时,必须在路肩设置2m长的草本缓冲带以满足侵蚀防护的要求.关键词土质道路边坡防护土壤侵蚀植被防护三峡库区文章编号1001—9332(2012)
3、04-0896-07中图分类号$157.1文献标识码AEfectsofdiferentvegetationprotectionmeasuresonerosionpreventionofunpavedroadsideslopesinThreeGorgesReservoirArea.LIUYao-jun,WANGTian—wei,LIZhao—xia,CAIChong.fafSoilandWaterConservationResearchCenter,HuazhongAgriculturalUniversity,Wuhan430070,Cina).一Chin.App1.Eco1.,2012,2
4、3(4):896—902.Abstract:0Beofthemainimpactsofroadconstructionisthecreationofbareandsteepslopeswhenlackofvegetationprotection,whichusuallygeneratesserioussoilloss,amajorerosionsourceinmountainousareas.Inthisstudy,sixtreatmentsincludingplantinggrass(GRA),grassandbush(GBC),buildingterracecombinedwithgr
5、assandbush(TGB),plantingsodstrip(SS),buildingslopingfarmland(SFL),andbuildingslopingfarmlandcombinedwithgrass(SFLG)wereinstalledonthenewlyconstructedunpavedroadsideslopesinThreeGorgesReservoirAreatoinves—tigatetheeffectsofthesemeasuresontheerosionpreventionoftheunpavedroadsideslopesundernaturalrai
6、nfal1.Amongthesixtreatments,GBChadthebesteffect,whichhadthequickestrevege—tationrate(themeanvegetationcoverageincreasedfrom20.2%to91.6%).decreasedthesoilbulkdensityby9.5%.andincreasedthesaturatedhydraulicconductivityby678.1%.followedbyGRAandSS.TGBhadthegreatestpotentialinmitigatingsoillossandrunof
7、.withtheeficiencyintrappingsedimentandrunofreached80.2%and72.3%,respectively,beingappropriateforthecutslopeswithagradientgreaterthan45。.followedbyGBCandGRA.GRAhadahigherefficien—cyonfillslopethanoncutslope,whileG
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