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1、中考英语语法总复习6(十)非谓语动词1.定义:动词除在句子中作谓语以外,还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等,这就是动词的非谓语动词。可分为三种:动词不定式、分词和动名词。2.动词不定式:to+动词原形(在某些情况下可以不带to)。(没有人称和数的变化,可以有自己的宾语和状语,可以有时态和语态的变化)○1一般式:主动语态:todo,被动语态:tobe+动词过去分词(表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生)○2进行式:主动语态:tobedoing,被动
2、语态:无(表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生)○3完成式:主动语态:tohave+动词过去分词,被动语态:tohavebeen+动词过去分词(表示动作或状态在谓语动作之前就发生)○4用法:A.作主语:Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.=It’snoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage.B.作表语:Themostimportantthingistofinishtheworkontime.C.作宾语:a.动词+todo.Hedecidedtobuya
3、newwatch.(agree,choose,want,hope,like,wish,learn,love,plan,try,start,afford…)b.动词+疑问词+todoIdon’tknowwheretoputthebike.c.动词+形式宾语(it)+宾补+todoIfinditimportanttolearnasecondforeignlanguage.D.作补语:a.动词+宾语+todoTomaskedmetoshowhimthenewshoes.(tell,wish,ask,want,li
4、ke,beg,invite,allow,encourage…)b.动词+宾语+不带to的动词HeoftensawTomplayfootball.(see,hear,feel,watch,notice,have,make,let…)E.作状语:a.表示目的:HewenttoGuangzhoutoseehissons.Hegotupearlyinordertocatchthefirstbus.b.表示结果:Heistootiredtowalkanyfarther.Theyaren’toldenoughtogot
5、oschool.c.表示原因:Heissorrytohearthat.Iamgladtoseeyou.F.作定语:Ihavesomethingtotellyou.Iwanttobuysomethingtoeat.○5动词不定式to的省略:A.在感官动词feel,hear,see,watch,notice及使役动词have,let,make等后面要省to,但在变被动语态时要还原不定式to。Ioftensawhimgooutoftheroom.--------Hewasoftenseentogooutofthe
6、roombyme.B.在hadbetter,wouldrather,donothingbut等后面常省to。○6动词不定式的否定形式:not+todo,有时也可以用-never+todo结构。3.动名词:动词原形+ing。具有名词、动词一些特征。○1一般式:主动语态:doing,被动语态:being+动词过去分词(表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生)○2完成式:主动语态:having+动词过去分词,被动语态:havingbeen+动词过去分词(表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前就发
7、生)Childrenenjoywatchinganimatedcartoon.Idon’trememberhavingeverseenthefilm.○3动名词的否定形式:not+动名词(v-ing)Iregretnotbeingabletohelpyou.○4用法:A.作主语:a.动名词作主语如果太长,可以用形式主语it代替。LearningEnglishisveryimportant.---It’sveryimportanttolearnEnglish.b.No+动名词表示“禁止”。Nosmoking,
8、Noparking.B.作宾语:Hefinisheddoinghishomework.C.作表语:Hisfavouritesportisplayingbasketball.D.作定语:shoppingbasket,finishingline.(表明名词的用途、功能等)E.动名词的复合结构:名词所有格、形容词物主代词+动名词。Doyoumindmy/WeiFang’sopeningthewindow?4.分词:动词