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1、英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(theActiveVoice)被动语态(thePassiveVoice)A.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。Weplantedthetree.B.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Thetreewasplantedbyus.(二)被动语态的基本结构:be+done一般现在时的被动语态：主语+am/is/are+done[1].NowEnglish____bymoreandmorepeopleallovertheword.A.speaksB.isspokenC.wasspoken一般过去时的被动语态：主语+was/were+done[2].Thelostb
2、oy____atthestreetcornerlastnight.A.wasfoundB.isfoundC.waslookedfor一般将来时的被动语态：主语+will+be+donebegoingto+be+done[3].Moreman-madesatellites____inthefuture.A.willsendupB.willbesentupC.aresentup现在完成时的被动语态：主语+have/has+been+done[4].Threebridges____sincelastyear.A.havebuiltB.werebuiltC.havebeenbuilt含有情
3、态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+done[5].Flowers____everyday.A.hasbeenwateredB.shouldbewateredC.shouldwater(三)被动语态的特殊情况:1.在主动语态中,make,let,hear,see,watch,notice等词,其后跟省略to的动词不定式(动词原形),在变为被动语态时,必须还原动词不定式符号to.如:1)Weheardhimsingthissongintheroom.He_______________singthissongintheroom.2)Thebossmadehimwork14hoursada
4、y.He______________________14hoursaday.3)Itoldhimnottoswimalone.He_________________________________alone.2.含有双宾语的动词在变为被动语态时，有以下三种情形：(1)有些双宾动词(如award,buy,give,leave,lend,offer,pay,show,teach,tell等)在变为被动语态时，既可把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语,而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来(称为保留宾语),也可把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语,而把间接宾语改为介词to或for引起的状语(到
5、底用to还是for,与所搭配的动词有关)。比较：Hegavehersomemoney.他给她一些钱。Shewasgivensomemoney(byhim).Somemoneywasgiventoher(byhim).3.作“需要”讲的need的被动形式：needtobedoneYourjacketneedstobewashed.4.表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词用主动式表被动义。begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut,run,...)Theshopopensat6am.everyday．
