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1、Unit3UndertheSeaRevision ofThepassiveing-formLearningaboutLanguageing-形式被动式讲与练V-ing形式由“do＋ing”构成，其否定形式是“notdoing”,V-ing可以带宾语或状语构成V-ing短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。(一)现在分词（ing-形式）的构成语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式完成式(not)doing(not)beingdone(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendone(二)现在分词的用法现在分词可在句中作定语和状语。1. 作定语现在分词作定
2、语时多置于它所修饰的名词前:This is a pressing question.这是一个紧迫的问题。He asked an embarrassing question.他提了一个令人难堪的问题。现在分词亦可置于它所修饰的名词之后:There were no soldiers drilling.现在分词短语一般皆置于其修饰的名词之后:A little child learning to walk often falls.The men working here are all from the rural areas.(1)表示时间Climbing to the top
3、 of the tower, we saw a magnificent view.He went out shutting the door behind him.Walkingalongthestreet,shesawalittlegirlrunninguptoher.SeeingTom,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofhisbrother.2. 现在分词用作状语现在分词及其短语从表意的角度看, 也可用作状语, 表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。其动作可能发生在谓语动词之前或之后, 也可能与谓语动的动作同时发生。(句子的主语就是分词的逻辑
4、主语)强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生时, 现在分词之前可用连词when或while:When leaving the airport, they wavedagain and again to us.WhilewatchingTVintheroom,Iheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.While flying over the Channel, the pilot saw what he thoughtto be a meteorite.Whencrossingtheroad,youmustbecareful.(2)表示原因Being sick,
5、I stayed at home.She caught cold sitting on the grass.Knowingthathewastired,Itoldhimtohavearest.(3)表示条件Adopting this method, we will raise the average yield by 40 percent.Turning to the right, you will find a path leading to his cottage.(4)表示让步Admitting what she has said, I still think th
6、at she hasn'ttried her best.(5)表示结果It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country.It rained for two weeks on end, completely ruining our holiday.(6)表示方式或伴随情况He ran up to her breathing heavily.Please fill in the form, giving your name, address, etc.完成形式现在分词的完成形式主要用在状语中，表示动作在谓语动
7、作之前发生，如：Havingbeentheremanytimes,heofferedtobeourguide.Thedelegates,havingfulfilledtheirmission,arrivedbackinShanghai.Havingansweredtheletter,shewentontoreadannovel.Nothavingdonetheworkwell,wedecidedtotryagain.Nothavingreceivedareply,hewenttherehimself.注：在独立结构中，也可以用
