, claudio.r.mirasso

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1、EectofStrongOpticalFeedbackonVerticalCavitySurfaceEmittingLasers121P.S.Spencer,Claudio.R.MirassoandK.AlanShoreAbstract

2、proportionofanyfeedbackfromanexternalre ectionre-Ananalysisisperformedoftheeectsofstrongopti-enterstheVCSEL.Thus,itmightbethoughtthatthiscalfeedbackonthecharacteristi

3、csofsingle-transversemodewouldgiveVCSELsaverygoodimmunitytoopticalfeed-VCSELs.Considerationisgiventothecasesofshort(1.5cm)andlong(15cm)externalcavities.Whenthelaserisback.However,ithasbeenfoundbothexperimentally[3,4]operatedwellabovethresholdinashortexternalcavitywithandnumerically[7]th

4、atVCSELshaveasimilarsensitivityhighre ectivity,astrongdependenceontheaccumulatedtoopticalfeedbackasthatofconventionaledgeemittingexternalcavityphaseisobserved.Stableoperationisfoundforanoptimumphasewhileforothervaluesofthephaselasers.Thissimilarityinfeedbacksensitivityislinkedtochaoticd

5、ynamicsisobserved.Suchbehaviourisnotseenthesimilarphotonlifetimesinthetwotypesofdevices.nearthresholdwherethelaseroutputisstableforanyaccu-Thefeedbackrateintothelaserisgivenask=Lwithextmulatedphase.Forthelongerexternalcavitythein uence2ofthephasetermisfoundtobeinsignicant:chaoticbe-kbe

6、inggivenbyk=(1?r)r=r.Listhelenghthextext322haviourisseenintheoutputoverawiderangeofoperatingofthelasercavity,randrarethelaserfacetandexternal23currents.eldre ectivitiesrespectivityandisthecouplingbetweentheexternalmirrorandthelaser.Thevalueofk=LisextAdvancesinthedesignandfabricationo

7、fverticalcavitythesameforVCSELsandforedgeemittinglasers.Anysurfaceemittinglasers(VCSELs)hasresultedinbringingbenetgainedfromthehighfacetre ectivityofVCSELsthesedevicesfromtheresearchlaboratoryintocommercialiseectivelycancelledbythesmallcavityroundtriptime.productionandmarketing.Inthes

8、ecircumstancesincreasedTheamountofexternallightinjectionperroundtripoftheinterestisbeingshowninseekingengineeringapplicationsinternallasercavityisthesameforbothtypesoflasers,forVCSELs.Inexaminingtheuseofthesedevicesinappli-hencethesimilarfeedbacksensitivities.cationssuchasoptic