单片机系统-毕业论文外文翻译

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1、西安文理学院本科毕业设计（论文）附录5外文翻译MicrocomputerSystemElectronicsystemsareusedforhandinginformationinthemostgeneralsense;thisinformationmaybetelephoneconversation,instrumentreadoracompany’saccounts,butineachcasethesamemaintypeofoperationareinvolved:theprocessing,storageandtransmissio

2、nofinformation.inconventionalelectronicdesigntheseoperationsarecombinedatthefunctionlevel;forexampleacounter,whetherelectronicormechanical,storesthecurrentandincrementsitbyoneasrequired.Asystemsuchasanelectronicclockwhichemployscountershasitsstorageandprocessingcapabiliti

3、esspreadthroughoutthesystembecauseeachcounterisabletostoreandprocessnumbers.Presentdaymicroprocessorbasedsystemsdepartfromthisconventionalapproachbyseparatingthethreefunctionsofprocessing,storage,andtransmissionintodifferentsectionofthesystem.Thispartitioningintothreemain

4、functionswasdevisedbyVonNeumannduringthe1940s,andwasnotconceivedespeciallyformicrocomputers.Almosteverycomputerevermadehasbeendesignedwiththisstructure,anddespitetheenormousrangeintheirphysicalforms,theyhaveallbeenofessentiallythesamebasicdesign.Inamicroprocessorbasedsyst

5、emtheprocessingwillbeperformedinthemicroprocessoritself.Thestoragewillbebymeansofmemorycircuitsandthecommunicationofinformationintoandoutofthesystemwillbebymeansofspecialinput/output(I/O)circuits.Itwouldbeimpossibletoidentifyaparticularpieceofhardwarewhichperformedthecoun

6、tinginamicroprocessorbasedclockbecausethetimewouldbestoredinthememoryandincrementedatregularintervalsbutthemicroprocessor.However,thesoftwarewhichdefinedthesystem’sbehaviorwouldcontainsectionsthatperformedascounters.Theapparentlyratherabstractapproachtothearchitectureofth

7、emicroprocessoranditsassociatedcircuitsallowsittobeveryflexibleinuse,sincethesystemisdefinedalmostentirelysoftware.Thedesignprocessislargelyoneofsoftwareengineering,andthesimilarproblemsofconstructionandmaintenancewhichoccurinconventionalengineeringareencounteredwhenprodu

8、cingsoftware.Thefigure1.1illustrateshowthesethreesectionswithinamicrocomputerareconnectedinterms