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《虚拟语气(讲解版).ppt》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、GrammarSubjunctiveMood虚拟条件句可分为两类:一类是叙述与现实事实相反的情况,一类是叙述与过去事实相反的情况。另外,还有一类用于推测将来的情况,也称作推测条件句。(一)虚拟语气用于条件状语从句。表示与现在事实相反的假设时,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be的过去式用were)”,而主句中的谓语动词用“would(should,could,might)+动词原形。”ExampleIfIhadtime,Iwouldcertainlygotothemovies.IfIwereyou,Is
2、houldstudyEnglish.Ifhehadtime,hewouldattendthemeeting.表示与过去的事实相反的假设时,条件状语从句的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”,主句中的谓语动词用“would(should,could,might)+have+过去分词”。Eg:Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn’thavefailedintheexamination.Ifshehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded.Thericewou
3、ldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecareful.表示与将来事实相反的假设时,条件从句和主句所用的谓语动词怀“表示与现在事实相反的假设”的谓语动词相同,或者条件从句中用“wereto/should+动词原形”or过去式。Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.Ifheshoulddoit,hewoulduseanotherway.在不同时间
4、下,虚拟语气的三种形式。I.与现在事实相反WeremightIf+主语+过去式动词would过去式助动词,主语+could+VShouldII.与过去事实相反mightwould+have+过去分词If+主语+had+过去分词,主语+couldShouldIII.与将来事实相反Weremightif+主语+过去式助动词shouldwereto+v主语+would+VShould+v.Could注:虚拟语气中助动词be一般用were,不用was。当条件状语从句行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形
5、式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。1.Ifyouhadworkedhard,youwouldbeverytired.2.Iftheyhadlefthomeinearlymorning,theywouldarriveinhalfanhour.3.IfIwereyou,Iwouldn‘thavemissedthefilmlastnight.4.Ifyouhadspokentohimlasttimeyousawhim,youwouldknowwhattodonow.以上句型可以转换成下列形式:省略if,用“were,
6、had,should+主语”.例如:WereIinschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.Hadyoubeenhereearlier,youwouldhaveseenhim.Shouldtherebeameetingtomorrow,Iwouldcome.但在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式,如我们可以说:Wereitnotfortheexpense,IwouldgotoItaly.但不能说Weren'titfortheexpense,Iwouldgo
7、toItaly.含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句,而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有:(二)、含蓄虚拟条件句1.用介词短语代替条件状语从句用without/butfor(要不是、如果不是)/butthat(若非)/incaseof(假如,如果发生)/Intheabsenceof(如果没有)/undermorefavorablecondition表示“要不是”、“如果没有”等,表示条件虚拟例句:Butforthele
8、adershipoftheparty,wecouldnotbelivingahappytoday.=Iftherehadn’tbeentheleadershipoftheparty,wecouldnotbelivingahappytoday.1).Withoutair,nothingcouldlive.要是没有空气,什么也不能生存。2).Butforyourhelp,Icouldn‘thavedoneit.3).