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1、Session11Chapter8SemanticshiftReviewChapter7ExtensionofmeaningLadyPlaceAtomicSandwichNarrowingofmeaningGirlRoomCity(theCity)MemoryElevationofmeaningMinister,angel,paradise…DeteriorationofmeaningSilly,sad,crafty,artful…Ex.8p.222Ex.1p.231TeachingfocusSemanticshiftMetaphor隐喻Metonymy借代，转喻，换喻Synecdoche
2、提喻英[si'nekdəki]美[sɪ'nɛkdəki]SemanticShiftDefinitionWordswhichhavetransferredfromliteralmeaningtofigurativemeaninghaveexperiencedthesemanticshift.1.Metaphor隐喻2.Metonymy借代，转喻，换喻3.Synecdoche提喻1.Metaphor隐喻隐喻一般用于通过A事物理解或解释B事物，涉及到两个概念领域的映射。2.Metonymy借代，转喻，换喻换喻基本上是利用A事物的某一显著特征来指认该事物，基本不涉及事物特征的转移。3.Synecd
3、oche提喻局部代替整体E.g.thetongueofabell铃舌tohaveasharptongue说话刻薄newfacesinourclass班级里的新学生1.Metaphor隐喻Metaphorispervasiveinlife.Lifeisnotabedofroses.1.1DefinitionAristotle(300BC),whoisregardedastheearliestresearcheronmetaphorinwesterncountries,gavethefollowingdefinitioninhisPoeticsandRhetoric,“Metaphorcons
4、istsingivingthethinganamethatbelongstosomethingelse;thetransferencebeingeitherfromgenustospecies,orfromspeciestogenus,orfromspeciestospecies,orongroundsofanalogy.”Metaphor:Onesubjectisusedtorefertoanothersubjectbecauseofthelikenessbetweenthetwosubjects.Itisbasedonthelikenessandassociationbetweentw
5、osubjects.隐喻的主要功能在于以A说B，即通过相对熟悉的事物来理解另外的事物E.g.Theteethofacomb百科全书是一座金矿。百科全书是一种词典。Canyoupointoutthelikenessbetweenthetwosubjects?Ametaphorcanbedefinedasanincompletesimile:Sheis(asprettyas)arose.-->Sheisarose.Mr.Whiteis(like/asstrongas)anox.-->Mr.Whiteisanox.simile英['sɪməli:]美['sɪməli]父母想念子女就像流水一样，一
6、直在流；而子女想念父母就像风吹树叶，风吹一下，就动一下，风不吹，就不动。（《读者》2003年第21期）1.2examplesofmetaphors:Acarmay“liedownanddie”,thewind“kisses”ourcheeks,thewavesare“angry”and“roar”againstthecliffs,theroadsareicyand“treacherous”,themountains“lookdown”ontheseas,machine-guns“spit”,revolvers“bark”,volcanoes“vomit”fire,andtheengine“
7、gobbles”coal.1.2.1Themetaphoricalsenseofnearlyallhumanorgans人体各个部分1.2.2Themetaphoricalsenseofanimalsandtheirorgans动物及其器官1.2.3Themetaphoricalsenseofplantsandtheirorgans职务及其器官1.2.4Thecombinationofthemetaphoricaluse
