托福阅读原文分析—tpo1 戏剧起源

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1、http://bailiedu.com托福阅读原文分析—TPO1戏剧起源TPO是托福备考圣经，但是并不是有“圣经”就能完全把握托福考试。还要看大家怎么去利用这份资料。关于TPO阅读，小编希望最大限度地利用这些ETS提供的托福阅读文章。在文章中，找到那些生词，长难句；分析文章结构。真正把它作为一份备考资料，而不是做题工具。今天托福小编分享给大家的是对TPO1TheOriginsofTheater的详细解析。一起学习吧！TheOriginsofTheater戏剧的起源1.Inseekingtodesc

2、ribetheoriginsoftheater,onemustrelyprimarilyonspeculation,sincethereislittleconcreteevidenceonwhichtodraw.Themostwidelyacceptedtheory,championedbyanthropologistsinthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies,envisionstheaterasemergingoutofmythandritual

3、.Theprocessperceivedbytheseanthropologistsmaybesummarizedbriefly.Duringtheearlystagesofitsdevelopment,asocietybecomesawareofforcesthatappeartoinfluenceorcontrolitsfoodsupplyandwell-being.Havinglittleunderstandingofnaturalcauses,itattributesbothdesirab

4、leandundesirableoccurrencestosupernaturalormagicalforces,anditsearchesformeanstowinthefavoroftheseforces.Perceivinganapparentconnectionbetweencertainactionsperformedbythegroupandtheresultitdesires,thegrouprepeats,refinesandformalizesthoseactionsintofi

5、xedceremonies,orrituals.由于几乎没有具体材料可供研究，探寻戏剧的起源只能凭推测。19世纪末20世纪初，为人类学家们所拥护的一种理论得到了世人的广泛认同；这种观点认为戏剧起源于神话和宗教仪式。这些人类学家们推论过程可简要概括如下：在社会发展早期，人们相信有股力量可以影响甚至操控他们的食物供应和幸福生活。在对自然原因并不十分了解的情况下，他们把希望或不希望发生的事情都归咎于超自然的或魔幻的力量，并且试图寻找各种途径赢得这些力量的厚爱。当他们意识到自己的某些行为和期许的结果之间存

6、在明显的联系以后，人们便开始重复并且完善这些行为，最终形成固定的典礼或宗教仪式。2.Stories(myths)maythengrowuparoundaritual.Frequentlythemythsincluderepresentativesofthosesupernaturalforcesthattheritescelebrateorhopetoinfluence.http://bailiedu.comPerformersmaywearcostumesandmaskstorepresentt

7、hemythicalcharactersorsupernaturalforcesintheritualsorinaccompanyingcelebrations.Asapersonbecomesmoresophisticated,itsconceptionsofsupernaturalforcesandcausalrelationshipsmaychange.Asaresult,itmayabandonormodifysomerites.Butthemythsthathavegrownuparou

8、ndtheritesmaycontinueaspartofthegroup’soraltraditionandmayevencometobeactedoutunderconditionsdivorcedfromtheserites.Whenthisoccurs,thefirststephasbeentakentowardtheaterasanautonomousactivity,andthereafterentertainmentandaestheticvaluesmaygradu