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1、Module5GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsofAncientChinaPeriod1IntroductionReadingandVocabulary课堂10分钟达标 KongZi,alsocalledConfucius(551BC-479BC),andSocrates(469BC-399BC)livedonlyahundredyearsapart,andduringtheirlifetimestherewasnocontactbetweenChinaandGreece,butitisinterestingtolookathowtheworldt
2、hateachofthesegreatphilosopherscamefromshapedtheirideas,andhowtheseideasinturn,shapedtheirsocieties.Neitherphilosopherlivedintimesofpeace,thoughthereweremorewarsinGreecethaninChina.TheChinesestateswereverylargeandfeudal,whiletheGreekcity-statesweresmallandurban.TheurbanenvironmentinwhichSoc
3、rateslivedallowedhimtobemoreradical(激进的)thanConfucius.UnlikeConfucius,Socrateswasnotaskedbyrulershowtogoverneffectively.Thus,Socrateswasabletobemoreidealistic,focusingonissueslikefreedom,andknowledgeforitsownsake.Confucius,ontheotherhand,advisedthoseingovernmentservice,andmanyofhisstudentsw
4、entontogovernmentservice.ConfuciussuggestedtheGoldenRuleasaprinciplefortheconductoflife.“Donotdotootherswhatyouwouldnotwantotherstodotoyou.”Heassumedthatallmenwereequalatbirth,thoughsomehadmorepotentialthanothers,andthatitwasknowledgethatsetmenapart.Socratesfocusedontheindividual,andthought
5、thatthegreatestpurposeofmanwastoseekwisdom.Hebelievedthatsomehadmorepotentialtodeveloptheirreasonthanothersdid.LikeConfucius,hebelievedthatthesuperiorclassshouldruletheinferior(下层的)classes.ForSocrates,thefamilywasofnoimportance,andthecommunityoflittleconcern.ForConfucius,however,thefamilywa
6、sthecentreofsociety,withfamilyrelationsconsideredmuchmoreimportantthanpoliticalrelations.Bothmenarerespectedmuchmoretodaythantheywereintheirlifetimes.【语篇导读】本文为说明文,主要介绍了伟大哲学家孔子与苏格拉底的哲学思想对社会的影响以及思想观点的相似与不同。Ⅰ.Skimthepassageandfindthemainideaquickly._____________________________________________
7、__________________________________________________________________________________________答案：ThepassageaimstotellustheideasofConfuciusandSocrates,andthesimilarityanddifferencebetweenthemandtheirideas.Ⅱ.Readthepassageagainandchoosethebestanswers.1.Whichof
