导游词 石家大院.doc

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1、石家大院石家大院1.简介石家大院又叫杨柳青民俗博物馆，是中国清代汉族民居建筑的代表，位于天津市西面的杨柳青古镇、京杭大运河的河畔，曾是清末天津八大家之一——石元士的住宅。石家祖籍山东，祖辈在清朝经漕运发家后定居天津杨柳青。石家分为4家后，第四家的尊美堂是保存最好的，成为今天的石家大院。它有140多年的历史，占地10000㎡，含有18个院落278间房。其中的砖雕、木雕、石雕是独一无二的、令人印象深刻的。戏楼是中国民宅中最大的。因此，它有“华北第一宅”之称。Shifamily’smansionisalsocalled

2、Yangliuqingfolkmuseum.ItistherepresentativeoftheHannationalityresidenceinQingDynastyofChina.ItislocatedinYangliuqingancienttownwhichisintheriversideofTheGrandCanalfromBeijingtoHangzhou.ThemansionusedtobetheresidenceofShiYuanshiwhoisoneofTianjineightgrandfamil

3、iesintheendofQingdynasty.TheancestorofShifamilycamefromShandongprovince.HemadehisfortunethroughwatertransportationofgraintothecapitalandthensettleddowninYangliuqinginQingdynasty. Itisaboutmorethan200yearsago.Shifamilydividedintofourparts,andthefourthpart,Zunm

4、eitang,isthebestpreservedandbecomestoday’sShifamilymansion.Ithasahistoryofmorethan140years,covers10000squaremetersandcontains18yards,278rooms.Thecarvingofbricks,woodandstonesareuniqueandimpressive.Thefamilytheateristhebiggestinthefolkinchina.Therefore,itisbel

5、ievedtobethefirstmansioninnorthChina.2.大院模型石家大院由一条长长的甬道分为东西两部分建筑。甬道由南至北逐渐升高，寓意为“步步高升”。门前台阶为三级，又暗喻“连升三级”。东面建筑主要用于饮食起居，西面的建筑主要用于接待宾客和娱乐休闲。Themansionisdividedintotwopartsbyalongcorridor.Thecorridorincreasesgraduallyfromsouthtonorth,meaningtobepromotedstepbystep.

6、Thethreestepsmeanstobepromotedthreelevelscontinuously.Theeasternbuildingsaremainlyusedfordailylife,andthewesternbuildingsforthereceptionofguestsandentertainment.3.书房石家崇尚学而优则仕，石元士就曾官拜工部郎中。（相当于现在的厅级干部，借口父老弟幼而未到任）Shifamilyadvocateslearningandgovernance.ShiYuansh

7、ihadservedastheMinistryofWorksinfeudalChina.4.花厅花厅相当于会客厅，用于商讨家族大事和接待宾客。石家分家时分为四家，第四家是石元士的尊美堂。现在所见的匾额“尊美堂”是光绪皇帝的老师所题。请看这八扇窗，四季花鸟都是精心制作（窗的两面是互相独立的，实际上是16扇窗）。大白菜和狗的雕塑寓意“人财两旺”。室内还有民间罕见的地暖系统，而仅见于皇宫紫禁城。煤在室外烧但热量通过烟道传导进来。Receptionroomwasusedtodiscussfamilyeventsandre

8、ceiveguests.ShifamilywasdividedintofourpartsandthefourthpartwasZunmeitang,whichbelongedtoShiYuanshi.Thesteleyouseenowwaswrittenbytheemperor'steacher.Lookatthiseight-leafscreen.Thebirdsand