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1、被动语态(IntroducionofPassiveVoice)一、主动语态与被动语态的概念:英语动词的语态有两种:⑴主动语态:表示主语是动作的执行者⑵被动语态:表示主语是动作的承受者(常常没在有必要指出动作的执行者情况下使用)例:TheyspeakEnglish.(主动语态)主谓宾Englishisspokenbythem.(被动语态)主谓介词短语注:★及物动词有被动语态,不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态。例:⑴Welistentotheteachercarefullyinclass.主谓宾
2、→Theteacherislistenedtobyuscarefullyinclass.主 谓 介词短语⑵Welaughedathim.→Hewaslaughedatbyus.二、被动语态的结构与用法:1.结构:be+done(过去分词)被动语态中的be为助动词,无意义。be可能是am,is,are也可能是was,were或原形be。 注:★被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的,be是什么时态,全句就是什么时态,be后面的过去分词不变。2.用法: 例:①Historyismadebythepeopl
3、e.(一般现在时)②ThecarsweremadeinTianjingin1995.(一般过去时)③Thetreewillbecutdownnextyear.(一般将来时)④Theroommustbekeptclean. (含有情态动词的被动语态)⑤Thedoorisbeingopened. (现在进行时)⑥Thefilmhasbeenseenbyme. (现在完成时)有些措词故意避免用主语,或用“有人”、“大家”之类,经常用it作形式主语构成被动语态结构。如:Itissaidthatanothe
4、rsteelplantwillbesetupinthiscity.特别记住下列句型:Itishopedthat…希望……Itisknownthat…据说……Itiswellknownthat…众所周知……Itisbelievedthat…有人相信……三、没有被动语态的动词: 1.没有被动语态的词,表示状态或特征的及物动词如cost,fit,have,suit,writewell(好写),sellwell(好卖)等没有被动形式,另外,诸如happen=takeplace,breakout(爆发),b
5、reakdown(坏了)等不及物动词或短语以及诸如resultfrom(缘于),belongto,等只用主动语态,而不用被动语态2不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态:appear, die,disappear,end(vi.结束),fail,last(持续),lie,remain,sit,spread(传播),stand,cometrue,fallasleep,...4语法专练一、把下列主动语态改为被动语态:1.WeoftenusearecorderinourEnglishclass.________
6、_______________________________________________________________________.2.Theywillshowanewfilmnextweek._______________________________________________________________________________.3.Whendidtheybuildthehouse?_________________________________________
7、______________________________________.4.Isawtheboyentertheroom._______________________________________________________________________________.5.Willtheyshowanewfilmnextweek?____________________________________________________________________________
8、___.6.Weoftenseehimhelphisclassmate._______________________________________________________________________________.7.Youmustturnoffthelightbeforeyougotobed._______________________________________________________________________________.8.Whoi