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1、2011年考研英语真题答案与解析SectionⅠUseofEnglishAncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth”.But1(C.despite)someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitness.Laughterdoes2(D.produce)short-termchangesinthefunctionofthehearta
2、nditsbloodvessels,3(B.boosting)heartrateandoxygenconsumption.Butbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto4(B.sustain),agoodlaughisunlikelytohave5(A.measurable)benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.6(B.Infact),insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparentlyac
3、complishesthe7(A.opposite).Studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter8(D.relaxes)muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp9(C.moderate)theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoespro
4、duceothertypesof10(A.physical)feedback,thatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.11(B.Accordingto)oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted12(C.in)physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry13(D.because)theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhe
5、nthetearsbegintoflow.Althoughsadnessalso14(C.precedes)tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow15(B.from)muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofWürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto16(D.hold)apeneitherwiththeirteeth—thereb
6、ycreatinganartificialsmile—orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea(n)17(A.disappointed)expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirsmilingmuscles18(D.reacted)moreexuberantlytofunnycartonsthandidthosewhosemouthswerecontractedinafrown,19(A.suggesting)thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsra
7、therthanjusttheotherwayaround.20(C.Similarly),thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.古希腊哲学家亚里士多德认为笑是“一种身体运动，对健康来讲非常珍贵”。但是也有相反的观点，笑可能对身体健康影响甚微。笑声确实可以引起心脏和血管功能的短期变化，加快心跳和氧气消耗。但强笑很难保持，不可能以衡量散步或慢跑好处的方式来衡量大笑带来的好处。实际上，运动通过拉伸肌肉来锻炼肌肉，很明显笑却是相反。追溯到20世纪30年代的研究暗示：笑可放松肌肉，笑声消失后可减缓肌肉紧张，
8、长达45分钟。笑可帮助减缓心理压力的不良影响。无论如何，笑这一行为确实引起其他方面的身体反应，这种反应能改善个人的情绪状态。根据关于情感的经典理论——感情部分地是根
