自考英语词汇学学习分享资料.doc

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1、ChapteroneThedefinitionofWord:(thetwooftenquoteddefinitionsfromBloomfieldandanoutstandingFrenchlinguist,AntoineMeillet.)Bloomfield:“somelinguisticforms,whichwecallboundformsareneverusedassentences.Awordthen,isafreeformwhichdoesnotconsistentirelyof(twoormore)

2、lesserfreeforms.Inbelief,awordisaminimumfreeform.”AntoineMeillet:“Awordisdefinedbytheassociationofagivensensewithagivengroupofsoundscapableofagivengrammaticaluse.”Inbrief,awordmaybedefinedasafundamentalunitofspeechandaminimumfreeform;withaunityofsoundandmean

3、ing(bothlexicalandgrammaticalmeaning)capableofperformingagivensyntacticfunction..[sinˈtæktik] 句法的Allthewordsinalanguagetogetherconstitutewhatisknownasitsvocabulary.TheDevelopmentofEnglishVocabulary1.OldEnglish(449-1100)OEThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguagebeginsw

4、iththeconquestandsettlementofwhatisnowEnglandbytheAngloSaxon,whichreplacedtheCelticspokenbytheformerinhabitants.Thenextsevenhundredyears(449-1100)areknownastheOldEnglish(OE)orAnglo-Saxon(AS)periodoftheEnglishlanguage.Thevocabulary:FiftyorSixtythousandwords,w

5、hichwerechieflyAnglo-SaxonwithasmallmixtureofOldNorsewords.LongbeforetheinvasionofEngland,Anglos-SaxonborrowedaconsiderablenumberofLatiinwordsandthencontinuedtoadoptwordsduringtheOldEnglishperiod,especiallyaftertheintroductionofChristianityintoBritainin579.2

6、.MiddleEnglish(1100-1500)METhetransitionalperiodfromOldEnglishtoModernEnglishisknownasMiddleEnglish,whichischaracterizedbythestronginfluenceofFrenchfollowingtheNormanConquestin1066.SincetheFrench-speakingNormansweretherulingclass,Frenchwasusedforallstateaffa

7、irsandformostsocialandculturalmatters;butthemassescontinuedtospeakEnglish.Onlytowardthe15thcenturydidEnglishbecomeoncemorethelanguageofthewholecountry.3.ModernEnglish(1500-thepresent)TheEnglishlanguagefrom1500tothepresentiscalledModernEnglish.Intheearlystage

8、ofModernEnglish(1500-1700)theRenaissance[riˈnæsns] broughtgreatchangestothevocabulary.TherenewedstudyofGreekintheRenaissancenotonlyledtotheborrowingofGreekwordsindirectlythroughthemediumofLatin,