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1、综述文章（Reviews）海洋卫星微波遥感技术发展现状与展望蒋兴伟，宋清涛国家卫星海洋应用中心，北京100081摘要主动式和被动式微波遥感可以得到大量的地球物理参数和上层海洋信息，包括海表温度、海面矢量风、海面高度、海表盐度、海冰等。微波遥感可以穿透云层，全天候不间断观测海况信息。中国计划2011年发射运行的“海洋”2号（HY-2A）卫星有效载荷为3个微波遥感器，主要用来观测海面矢量风、海表温度和海面高度。HY-2A卫星将有效提高全球海洋卫星观测在时间和空间上的采样频率。本文介绍了与HY-2A卫星相关的海洋微波遥感技术现状，对微波遥感的优势和目前
2、业务化运行的海洋微波卫星的局限性进行分析，总结了微波遥感的新技术进展和全球下一代微波遥感卫星的发射计划，最后指出发展中国立体海洋监测和中国“海洋”3号（HY-3）卫星（其主载荷为C频段多极化合成孔径雷达）对于更深入了解大洋和海岸带的必要性。关键词微波遥感；海洋遥感；微波辐射计；海面高度计；散射计中图分类号P732.1文献标识码A文章编号1000-7857（2010）03-0105-07SatelliteMicrowaveMeasurementsoftheGlobalOceansandFutureMissionsJIANGXingwei,SONGQ
3、ingtaoNationalSatelliteOceanApplicationsService,Beijing100081,ChinaAbstractAwidevarietyofgeophysicalinformationincludingSeaSurfaceTemperature(SST),OceanVectorWinds(OVW),SeaSurfaceHeight(SSH)andSeaSurfaceSalinity(SSS)canberetrievedbysatellite-bornemicrowavesensors.Cloudisnearl
4、ytransparenttomicrowave,andtheavailabilityofall-weathermicrowavesatellitemeasurementshasovercomemanylimitationsoftraditionalopticalandinfraredmeasurements.TheChinaoceansatellite2(HY-2A),scheduledtobelaunchedin2011,withprimaryobjectiveofmeasuringSST,SSHandOVW,willsignificantly
5、increasethesamplingfrequencyovertheglobaloceanswhileworkingtogetherwithotheroperationalmicrowavesatellites.Thispaperreviewstheup-to-dateoceanmicrowavesatellitemissions,outlinesthefuturemicrowavemissionsandnewtechnologiesusedtoovercomelimitationsofthecurrentmicrowavesensors,an
6、daddressestheimportanceofmulti-dimensionalobservingsystemthatcombineshigh-resolutionmicrowave(China'soceansatellite3,HY-3),opticalandinfraredsensorsaswellastraditionalmeasurementsoverthecoastalandglobaloceans.Itisconcludedthat(1)microwavemeasurementsofSSTareespeciallysuitable
7、forresolvingmesoscalestructureassociatedwiththewesternboundarycurrentsystems(e.g.theGulfStream,theAgulhasCurrent)andtheireastwardextensionintotheinteriorocean,wheresignificantamountofcloudstypicallyexist;(2)microwavemeasurementsofsurfacewindarecriticalinunderstandingthemesosc
8、aleinteractionprocessesneartheoceanicfronts,andsurfacewindisanimport
