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1、农村生态环境1999,15(2):1—7RuralEco-Environment洞庭湖区湿地综合资源管理与复合生态系统建设王克林(中国科学院长沙农业现代化研究所,长沙410125)摘要通过对洞庭湖区湿地衰退原因与特征的分析,提出合理开发湿地资源必须强化湿地整体管理,控制湿地开发规模,适度退田还湖还蓄(洪区),调整农业布局与种植制度,走集约持续发展之路,建设复合高效湿地生态系统;进行适应洪涝灾害发生规律的避洪、耐渍型生态设计,建立适应浅水水体、湖洲和低湖渍害田的复合高效生态工程模式。关键词湿地洪水涝灾洞庭湖区生态工程资源
2、管理ResearchonComprehensiveManagementandConstructionofMulti-ecosysteminDongtingLakeRe-gion.WangKelin(ChangshaInstituteofAgriculturalModernization,ChineseAcademyofSciences,CHANGSHA410125):RuralEco-Environment,1999,15(2):1-7AbstractThewetlandinDongtingLakeRegionisthe
3、largestlacustrineinChina,whichis8.77×1052hm.Itcanbedividedintothreeclasses:openfreshwater,seasonalfloodedbasinandflats,shallowfreshmarshes.Duetotheneglectingofenvironmentalmanagementandecologicalconstruction,soilandwatererosionintheupperandmiddlereachesofYangtze,
4、thedepositionofsedimentinlakes,reclaim-inglandfromlakemarshesonlargescale,irrigationdistributionofagricultureandimpropercroppingsystemathighwaterlevelzones,theregulatingcapacityforfloodswasdescending,floodstagewasrisenandfloodwasprolonged.Withdevelopingwetlandonl
5、argescale,ithasmadesomeharmfulinflu-enceontheecologicalenvironment.Inordertoutilizeandprotectwetlandrationally,thefollowingmea-suresshouldbetaken:(1)Tocontrolthescaleofwetlandreclamationandmakinggreateffortstocon-structhigh-efficiencymulti-ecosystem.Thereclamatio
6、nwithoutstoringfloodwatershouldbereadjustedintonewlandusewithfloodstorageproject.Thesettlementsshouldbemovedtosmalltownships.Cul-tivationandplanningcanbecarriedoutonthelandinnormalyears.Thelandcouldbeusedforstoringwaterswhencatastrophicfloodtakesplace.Somefieldsw
7、hicharehindrancetofloodflowshouldbemergedproperlyforfishculture.(2)Toadjustallocationofagricultureandcroppingsystem.(3)Tobreedandpopularizesubmergence-tolerantricetypes.(4)Tostrengthenwetlandcomprehensiveman-agement.Accordingtotheprinciplesofecologicalengineering
8、andpreviouspractices,ninecomprehen-siveutilizationmodelswhicharesuitabletoopenfreshwaters,seasonalfloodedbasinsandflatsaswellasshallowfreshmarsheshavebeenputfo
