英语词性转化.doc

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1、英语构词法英语主要有三种构词法：转化、派生和合成。在高考中，凡超出《考试说明》词汇表范围的单词，若利用构词法能猜出其意义，均不加中文解释。新教材2000多词中派生词、合成词、转化词占近700个，可见其重要性。下面简要介绍一下这三种构词法。一、转化构词法：英语中的一个单词由一个词类转化为另一个词类而词形不变，成为转化法。这种构词方式主要体现在名词、动词、形容词之间的相互转化。①有大量的动词可以转化为名词，有时意思没有太大的变化：Letmehaveatry.Westoppedthereforaswim.Hewentoffatarunt

2、oconsultadoctor.Thisisforwinterwear.Don’tmakeittootight.Thiswasagreatsurprise（strike，shock）tomybrother.有时意思有一定的变化：Hewasaboutthesamebuildashisbrother.Lastyear’scatchwasfourtimesthatof1986.Thiswasadecisivemove.20Theycanbeusedasastockfeed。Womenhaveaequalsayineverything.。

3、②也有相当多的名词可以当动词用。许多表示物件的名词可以用做动词来表示动作。Haveyoubooktheticket？Whochairedthemeeting？Hepinnedgreathopesonus.Itcanseatathousandpeople.Wehavemappedoutplansfortheirutilization.ItpicturesthelifeofoverseasChinesestudents.Hehurriedlypenciledthetimeonit.Bynoonhehadbaggedthreehares

4、.Themachinebottles15000jarsofcoldaday.Themoneywasallpocketedbycorruptofficials.Hehammeredanailintothewall.有些表示身体部位的名词也可以用来做动词。Handinyouexercise-books，please.We’llnotbackup.Weshoulddaretofaceanydifficultyanddanger.Whoheadedthedelegation.We’llheadedforYunnantomorrow.Wes

5、houldshouldertheseresponsibilities.20Shefingeredthesilkgently.I’mneverinterestedinnosingoutthedetailsofsomeoneelse’sprivatelife.Theyeyedhimwithsuspicion.一些表示一类人的名词也可用做动词：Ifso，weshallbebadlyfooled.）Heinsistedonstayinguptonursethechild.）Wewerehostedbymembersoftheembassy

6、.Ouraimistosavethepatientandnottodoctorhimtodeath.Theequipmentwasmannedbythreeworkerspershift.HehassoldieredinFranceinhisyouth.Thearmywasofficeredbybravemen.Heclaimstohavefatheredover20children.Hefatheredmanyinventions.一些表示其他实物的名词也可用做动词：Eachapartmentcanhouseafamilyofs

7、ix.Ihopewecanroomtogether.Thishelpedtobridgeoverourdifficulties.Theyfloweredwellbutborelittlefruit.Heflooredtheroom.20Anaeroplanewasusedtodustinsecticide.Wedecidedtodamtheriver.Heisbusyoilingthebicycle.Hewolfeddownthreegreatbowlsofrice.Thepilliscoatedwithsugar.Executi

8、ves，workersandtechniciansteamup.此外，还有一些抽象名词等也可以用做动词：Wheredoswallowswinter？WesummeredbyLakeGeneva.Forsixdaysandnightstheybatt