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时间:2017-12-08
《《苏格拉底之死》赏析》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、瓣_ii≥口潘正凯一、背景知识苏格拉底(469BC399BC)是著名的古希腊哲学家,他和他的学生柏拉图(Plato)及柏拉图的学生亚里斯多德(Aristotle)被世人尊称为“希腊三贤”,后人普遍认为他是西方哲学的奠基人。人们对于苏格拉底的了解更多是通过后人对其的描述,特别是他的学生柏拉图和色诺芬(Xenophon)对柏拉图与学生对话的记录。根据柏拉图的观点,苏格拉底对伦理学、认识论、逻辑学贡献巨大,广为人知的苏格拉底问答法(SocratesMethod)不仅是一种讨论、辩论方法,还是一种教学方法。公元前399年的某一天,苏格拉底因“不信奉国家公认之神”和“腐化年轻人”而遭到审判,面对着由
2、500名雅典人组成的陪审团(jury)。审判于雅典城中心举行,除了在座的陪审员,现场还聚集了大量的围观民众。苏格拉底最终被判死刑。尽管他有机会逃出雅典,但仍选择依据法庭审判饮下毒芹汁(hemlock)而死,因为他认为逃亡只会进一步破坏雅典法律的权威,同时也是因为担心逃亡后雅典将再没有好的导师教育人们了,可谓是杀身成仁了。《公元前399苏格拉底之死》(TheSuicideofSocrates,399BC)是后人对这一历史事件的精彩描述,作者不详。值得关注的是,英文标题用了suicide(自杀)而非death,可见作者对苏格拉底舍生取义、勇者无畏精神的钦佩。二、原文品读TheSuicideof
3、Socrates.399BCOnadayin399BCthephilosopherSocratesstoodbeforeajuryof注释500ofhisfellowAtheniansaccusedof‘‘refusingtorecognizethegodsrecognizedbythestate”andof“corruptingtheyouth”.Iffoundguilty.hispenaltycouldbedeath.Thetrialtookplaceintheheartofthecity.the①惩罚jurorsseatedonwoodenbenchessurroundedbyacr
4、owdofspectators②.②观众Socrates’accusersfthreeAtheniancitizens1werea//of④threehoursto③分配誊WeUPrsityEntra,z匹优‘=ztio,studentshadtwicebrieflyoverthrown④thedemocraticgovernmentofthe④推翻city.institutingareign⑤ofterrorinwhichthousandsofcitizenswere⑤统治deprivedtheirpropertyandeitherbanishedfromthecityorexecute
5、d.⑥被剥夺AfterhearingtheargumentsofbothSocratesandhisaccusers,thejurywasaskedtovoteonhisguilt.UnderAthenianlawthejurorsdidnotdefiberate④thepoint.Instead,eachjurorregisteredhisjudgmentbyplacing⑦商议asmalldiskintoanurn⑧markedeither“guilty”or“notguilty”.Socrates⑧瓮、缸wasfoundguiltybyavoteof280to220.Thejuror
6、swerenextaskedtodetermineSocrates’Spenalty.Hisaccusersarguedforthedeathpenalty.Socrateswasgiventheopportunitytosuggesthisownpunishmentandcouldprobablyhaveavoideddeathbyrecommendingexile~.Instead.thephilosopherinitiallyofferedthesarcastic⑩流放recommendationthatheberewardedforhisactions.Whenpressedfor
7、a讥讽的realisticpunishment,heproposedthathebefinedamodestsumofmoney.Facedwiththetwochoices,thejuryselecteddeathforSocrates.Thephilosopherwastakentothenear-byjallwherehissentencewouldbeca~iedout.Athenianlawprescribed
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