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1、倒装英语句子的自然语序是主语在前,谓语动词在后。如果将谓语动词的全部或一部分放在主语之前,就叫“倒装结构”。如果全部谓语放在主语之前,叫“全部倒装”;如果只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前,就叫“部分倒装”。1.完全倒装完全倒装是把句子的谓语全部置于主语之前。在下列几种情况下多用完全倒装:地点状语位于句首,且主语为名词而谓语为不及物动词的陈述句。如:Onthetopofthehillstandsabigpinetree.(1)在“there+be/live/lie/stand/...”结构中。如:Oncet
2、herelivedanoldfishermaninavillagebythesea.here,there,now,then,out,in,up,down,off,away等副词位于句首,主语为名词,谓语动词通常是be,come,go,run,rush,fly,follow,fall等词,时态为一般时。如:Herearesomeadvertisementsaboutcars. Therecometherestofthestudents. Downcametherainandupwenttheumbrel
3、las.注意:当主语是代词时,主语和谓语的语序不变。如:Awayhewent. Downitcame.(2)有时为了强调或者为了使句子平衡,常把句子的表语置于句首,构成完全倒装。如:PresentatthemeetingwereProfessorSmith,ProfessorBrownandmanyothercelebrities.Gonearethedayswhentheyhadnothingtoeat.(3)such作表语提前时。如:SuchistheinfluenceofTVthatitcanmak
4、eapersonfamousovernight.(4)有时为了强调,可将谓语部分的动词-ing形式、过去分词或不定式置于句首。如:Standingbesidethetablewashiswife. Buriedinthesandswasanancientvillage.Tobecarefullyconsideredarethefollowingquestions.5全部倒装倒装条件倒装方法例句以here,there,out,in,up,down,away,off,back,等副词开头,V多为be,go,c
5、ome等,S为n.Adv.+V+STheregoesthelastbus.Awayflewtheplane.以then,now,thus,such开头,V多为come,follow,begin,end,be等,S为n.Adv.+V+SThencameanewdifficulty.SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplebutgreatscientist.地点状语放句首,S为n.,V为lie,stand,sit,live,come,go,rise等Vi.prep.+V+SOnthetopo
6、fthehillstandsatemplewheretheoldmanoncelived.Southoftheriverliesasmallfactory.表语放句首,为保句子平衡表强调Prep.Phrases/adj./-ing/-ed+be+SPresentatthemeetingweresomeimportantfigures.Growingalloverthemountainarewildflowers.Seatedinthefirstlinearesomeadvancedworkers.52.部
7、分倒装部分倒装是把谓语的一部分(助动词或情态动词)提到主语之前。使用部分倒装的情况有:(1)含否定意义的词或短语(如not,nor,never,seldom,hardly,scarcely,rarely,little,few,nowhere,notuntil,notonly,nosooner,innoway,onnoaccount,undernocircumstances,bynomeans等)置于句首时。如:Neverwouldheknowwhatshehadsuffered.Hardlyhadhear
8、rivedwhenshestartedcomplaining.Onnoaccountmustwegiveupthisattempt.(2)only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。如:Onlywhenshecamehomedidhermotherlearnthenews.(3)当表示前面提出的某一情况也同样适用于后者时,通常要用“so/neither/nor+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”倒装结构。如:Hecans