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1、1.动词(v.)→名词(n.)(a)词形不变,词性改变例如:work,study,water,plant等可以用作动词(工作,学习,浇水,种植),也可以用作名词(工作,学习,水,植物).(b)一些动词在词尾加上-er或-or之后就变成了表示"某一类人"的名词例如:work—worker,teach—teacher,sing—singer, jump—jumper,play—player,learn—learner, visit—visitor,invent—inventor,collect—co
2、llector等.注意:1)以不发音的e结尾的动词,在词尾加-r. 例如:drive—driver,write—writer等. 2)以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er 例如：run—runner,win—winner,begin—beginner等.(c)在动词词尾加上-ment变成名词例如:achieve—achievement(成就) 9advertise—advertisement//advertisi
3、ng(广告)agree—agreement disagree—disagreement amuse—amusement(娱乐) improve—improvement(争吵)commit(奉献)—commitment develop—development(发展) depart—department(局,部) govern(统治)—government(政府)manage—management(管理)
4、equip—equipment(装备)9有些单词比较特殊,需把动词后的e去掉再加ment. 例如:argue—argument(争论) (d)在动词词尾加上-(t)ion/(s)ion变成名词例如:9attract—attraction; instruct—instruction; invent—inventiondiscuss—discussion; express—expressioneducate—education; graduate—graduation;operate—operation(去e再加"ion")
5、compete—competition;organize—organization(把e改成其他字母再加"tion") decide—decision conclude—conclusion (把de改为s再加"ion")describe—description描写,描绘(这是特例,不规则变化) 9(e)在动词词尾加上-ance变成名词例如:appear—appearance(外貌;出现) perform—performance(演出) accept—acceptance(接受) (
6、f)在动词词尾加-ing变成名词(方法与动词变为现在分词的方法相同)例如:meet—meeting build—building wait—waiting bathe—bathing say—saying(谚语) mean—meaning end—ending train—training wash—washing注意:以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾的辅音字
7、母,再加-ing9 如:swim—swimming shop—shopping begin—beginning (g)其他一些比较特殊的变化例如: 9beg(乞讨)—beggar(乞丐) behave(行为举止)—behaviorknow(知道)—knowledge(知识) fly—flight(飞行)heat(加热)—heat(热量) hit(撞击)—hit(轰动一时的人或物,碰撞)mix(混合)—mixture(混合物)
8、 press(按,压)—pressure(压力)sit(坐)—seat(座位) succeed—success(成功)tour—tour(旅游)/tourist(游客)92.动词(v.)→形容词(adj.)(a)动词后面加able,以e结
