翟中和细胞生物学课件—绪论.ppt

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1、分子细胞生物学MolecularCELLBIOLOGY主讲教师：丁明孝，陈建国，张传茂Chapter1IntroductiontothecellLearningObjectives1.AboutCellBiology2.Lookbrieflyatthehistoryofcelltheory;3.Considerthebasicpropertiesofcells;4.Comparesomecharacteristicsoftwodifferentclassesofcells:prokaryotesandeukaryotes;5.Comp

2、rehendaspeciallife:viruses1.About“CellBiology”What?Forwhy?Howtostudy?TheNIHofUSA(1988):“Whatispopularinresearchtoday？”3kindsofdiseases：cancercardiovasculardiseasesinfectiousdiseases：AIDS，hepatitis5researchfields：cellcyclecontrol；cellapoptosis；cellularsenescence；

3、signaltransduction；DNAdamageandrepair.Whatweknow//Howweknow.ISI,USA(1997):SCI（ScienceCitationIndex）Papers:Threetopsofresearchfields:No1:Signaltransduction；No2:Cellapoptosis；No3:Genomeandpost-genomicanalysis。2.TheCellTheory:ABriefHistoryIn1665,RobertHookesawanetworkoft

4、inyboxlikecompartmentsthatremindedhimofahoneycomb.Hecalledtheselittlecompartments“cellulae”,aLatintermmeaninglittleroom.Itisfromthiswordwegetourpresent-dayterm,cell.ThemicroscopeusedbyRobertHookeandthehoneycomb-likenetworkof“cell”hedrawedin1665Thediscoveryofcellsfollowe

5、dfromtheinventionofthemicroscopeCelltheoryhasthreebasictenets:1.Allorganismsarecomposedofoneormorecells.2.Thecellisbasicunitofstructureandfunctionforallorganisms.3.Allcellsariseonlyfrompreexistingcellsbydivision.3.Whyarecellsthebasicunitsoflife?A.Thecellisthestructuralu

6、nitoflife,Allorganismsismakeupofcells.B.Thecellisthefunctionalunitoforganisms.Allmetabolicactivityisbasedoncells.C.Thecellisthefoundationofreproduce,andthebridgeofinheritance.D.ThecellisthegrowinganddevelopingbasisoflifeHumanfetaldevelopment.(a)At5weeks,limbbuds,eyes,th

7、eheart,theliverandrudimentsofallotherorganshavestartedtodevelopintheembryo,whichisonlyabout1cmlong.(b)Growthanddevelopmentoftheoffspring,nowcalledafetus,continueduringthesecondtrimester.Thisfetusis14weeksoldandabout6cmlong.(c)Thefetusinthisphotographis20weeksold.Nowthef

8、etusgrowstoabout30cminlength.E.Cell(nucleus)istotipotent,whichcancreateaneworganismofthesametypeAsageneralrule