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1、DrillingMudsDrillingfluidsaremixturesofnaturalandsyntheticchemicalcompoundsusedtocoolandlubricatethedrillbit,cleantheholebottom,carrycuttingstothesurface,controlformationpressures,andimprovethefunctionofthedrillstringandtoolsinthehole.Theyaredividedintotwogeneraltypes:water-
2、basedfluidsandoil-basedfluids.Thetypeoffluidbaseuseddependsondrillingandformationneeds,aswellastherequirementsfordispositionofthefluidafteritisnolongerneeded.Drillingmudsareaspecialclassofdrillingfluidsusedtodrillmostdeepwells.Mudreferstothethickconsistencyoftheformulation.F
3、ollowingarethefunctionsofadrillingmud:1.Toremoverockbitcuttingsfromthebottomoftheholeandcarrythemtothesurface2.Toovercomethefluidpressureoftheformation3.Toavoiddamageoftheproducingformation4.Tocoolandlubricatethedrillstringandthebit5.Topreventdrillpipecorrosionfatigue6.Toall
4、owtheacquisitionofinformationabouttheformationbeingdrilled(e.g.,electriclogs,cuttinganalysis)ClassificationofMudsTheclassificationofdrillingmudsisbasedontheirfluidphasealkalinity,dispersion,andthetypeofchemicalsused.WefollowtheclassificationofLyons[1135];seeTable1-1.Disperse
5、dNoninhibitedSystemsDrillingfluidsusedintheupperholesectionsarereferredtoasdispersednoninhibitedsystems.Theyareformulatedfromfreshwaterandmaycontainbentonite.Theclassificationofbentonite-basedmudsisshowninTable1-2.Table1-1ClassificationofDrillingMudsClassDescriptionFreshwate
6、rmuds—dispersedpHfrom7-9.5,includespudmuds,systemsbentonite-containingmuds,phosphate-containingmuds,organicthinnedmuds(redmuds,lignitemuds,lignosulfonatemuds),organiccolloidmudsInhibitedmuds—dispersedWater-baseddrillingmudsthatrepresssystemshydrationofclays(limemuds,gypsummu
7、ds,seawatermuds,saturatedsaltwatermuds)Low-solidsmuds—nondispersedContainlessthan3%-6%v-vsolidssystemsMostcontainorganicpolymerEmulsionsOilinwaterandwaterinoil(reversedphase,withmorethan5%water)Oil-basedmudsContainlessthan5%water;mixtureofdieselfuelandasphaltTable1-2Classifi
8、cationofBentoniteFluidSystemsSolid-solidinteractionsInhibitionlevelDrilling
