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1、HistoryofwesterndramaClassicalGreekdramaClassicalRomandramaMedievaldramaEnglishRenaissancetheatreEnglishRestorationcomedyModernandpostmodernClassicalGreekdramaWesterndramaoriginatesinclassicalGreece.TheancientGreekdramawasatheatricalculturethatflourishedinancientGreecefromc.700BC.
2、Thecity-stateofAthens,whichbecameasignificantcultural,political,andmilitarypowerduringthisperiod,wasitscenter,whereitwasinstitutionalisedaspartofafestivalcalledtheDionysia,whichhonouredthegodDionysus.<希神>狄俄尼索斯Tragedy,comedy,andthesatyrplaywerethethreedramaticgenrestoemergethere.At
3、hensexportedthefestivaltoitsnumerouscoloniesandallies.Tragedyandcomedywereviewedascompletelyseparategenres,andnoplaysevermergedaspectsofthetwo.Satyrplaysdealtwiththemythologicalsubjectmatterofthetragedies,butinapurelycomedicmanner.Onlyasmallfractionoftheworkoffivedramatists,howeve
4、r,hassurvivedtothisday:wehaveasmallnumberofcompletetextsbythetragediansAeschylus,SophoclesandEuripides,andthecomicwritersAristophanesand,fromthelate4thcentury,Menander.MasksInalargeopen-airtheatre,liketheTheatreofDionysusinAthens,theclassicalmaskswereabletocreateasenseofdreadinthe
5、audiencecreatinglargescalepanic,especiallysincetheyhadintenselyexaggeratedfacialfeaturesandexpressions.Theyenabledanactortoappearandreappearinseveraldifferentroles,thuspreventingtheaudiencefromidentifyingtheactortoonespecificcharacter.Theirvariationshelptheaudiencetodistinguishsex
6、,age,andsocialstatus,inadditiontorevealingachangeinaparticularcharacter'sappearance,e.g.MedievaltheatreMedievaltheatrereferstotheatricalperformanceintheperiodbetweenthefalloftheWesternRomanEmpireinthe5thcenturyA.D.andthebeginningoftheRenaissanceinapproximatelythe15thcenturyA.D.Med
7、ievalTheatrecoversalldramaproducedinEuropeoverthatthousand-yearperiodandreferstoavarietyofgenres,includingliturgicaldrama,(礼拜剧)mysteryplays,moralityplays,farces(闹剧)andmasques(假面剧).EnglishRenaissancetheatreEnglishRenaissancetheatre—alsoknownasearlymodernEnglishtheatreandElizabethan
8、theatre—referstothetheatreofEngla
