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1、NONFERROUSALLOYS525NONFERROUSALLOYSCopperandCopperAlloysPurecopperisareddish,highlymalleablemetal,andwasoneofthefirsttobefoundandutilized.Copperanditsalloysarewidelyusedbecauseoftheirexcellentelectricalandthermalconductivities,outstandingresistancetocorrosion,easeoffabr
2、ication,andbroadrangesofobtainablestrengthsandspecialproperties.Almost400commercialcopperandcopper-alloycompositionsareavailablefrommillsaswroughtproducts(rod,plate,sheet,strip,tube,pipe,extrusions,foil,forgings,andwire)andfromfoundriesascastings.Copperalloysaregroupedi
3、ntoseveralgeneralcategoriesaccordingtocomposition:coppersandhigh-copperalloys;brasses;bronzes;coppernickels;copper–nickel–zincalloys(nickelsilvers);leadedcoppers;andspecialalloys.ThedesignationsystemoriginallydevelopedbytheU.S.copperandbrassindustryforidentifyingcoppera
4、lloysusedathree-digitnumberprecededbythelettersCA.Thesedes-ignationshavenowbeenmadepartoftheUnifiedNumberingSystem(UNS)simplybyexpandingthenumberstofivedigitsprecededbytheletterC.BecausetheoldnumbersareembeddedinthenewUNSnumbers,noconfusionresults.UNSC10000toC79999areas
5、signedtowroughtcompositions,andUNSC80000toC99999areassignedtocastings.Thedesignationsystemisnotaspecification,butamethodforidentifyingthecompositionofmillandfoundryproducts.Theprecisetechnicalandqualityassurancerequirementstobesatisfiedaredefinedinrelevantstandardspecif
6、icationsissuedbythefederalgovern-ment,themilitary,andtheASTM.ClassificationofCopperandCopperAlloysPrincipalAlloyingFamilyElementUNSNumbersaCoppers,high-copperalloysC1xxxxBrassesZnC2xxxx,C3xxxx,C4xxxx,C66400toC69800PhosphorbronzesSnC5xxxxAluminumbronzesAlC60600toC64200Si
7、liconbronzesSiC64700toC66100Coppernickels,nickelsilversNiC7xxxxaWroughtalloys.CastCopperAlloys.—Generally,castingpermitsgreaterlatitudeintheuseofalloyingelementsthaninthefabricationofwroughtproducts,whichrequireseitherhotorcoldworking.Thecastcompositionsofcoppersandhigh
8、-copperalloyshaveadesignatedmin-imumcoppercontentandmayincludeotherelementstoimpartspecialproperties.Thecastbr
