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中考英语语法专题讲解与练习1代词【考点直击】1.人称代词主格、宾格形式及其主要用法；2.名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的形式、区别及其主要用法；3反身代词的形式、意义及其主要用法；4常见不定代词的一般用法；5.指示代词的一般用法，并了解其在上下文中的指代用法；6.相互代词的基本用法；7.疑问代词的基本用法。8.关系代词的基本用法。【名师点睛】代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。一.人称代词1.人称代词的人称、数和格，如下表所示。2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。如：Iliketabletennis.（作主语）Doyouknowhim?（作宾语）3.人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如：---Whosisknockingatthedoor?---It’sme.4.人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。如：Heisolderthanme.HeisolderthanIam.二.物主代词1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，如下表所示。赵振宝1 2.形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如：Ourteacheriscomingtoseeus.Thisisherpencil-box.3.名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。Ourschoolishere,andtheirsisthere.（作主语）---IsthisEnglish-bookyours?（作表语）---No.Mineisinmybag.I'vealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Haveyoufinishedyours?（作宾语）三.指示代词指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。1.this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如：Thisisapenandthatisapencil．Wearebusythesedays．Inthosedaystheworkershadahardtime。2.有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物，例如：Ihadacold.That'swhyIdidn'tcome.WhatIwanttosayisthis;pronunciationisveryimportantinlearningEnglish．3.有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替，例如：TelevisionsetsmadeinBeijingarejustasgoodasthosemadeinShanghai．4.this在电话用语中代表自己，that则代表对方。例如：Hello!ThisisMary.IsthatJackspeaking?四.反身代词英语中用来表示"我自己"，"你自己"，"他自己"，"我们自己"，"你们自己"等意义的代词称为反身代词，也有人称之为自身代名词，其形式如表所示。赵振宝2 反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。1.作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。Hecalledhimselfawriter．WouldyoupleaseexpressyourselfinEnglish?2.作表语。Itdoesn'tmatter．I'llbemyselfsoon．Thegirlinthenewsismyself．3.作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。Imyselfwashedtheclothes．（=Iwashedtheclothesmyself.）（作主语同位语）Youshouldasktheteacherhimself．（作宾语同位语）五.不定代词不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下：1.some与any的区别1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词；②可数名词+复数动词。Look!Someofthestudentsarecleaningthelibrary.Somericeinthebaghasbeensoldout.2）any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词；②可数名词+复数动词。Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleaseaskme.Thereisn'tanyorangeinthebottle.Haveyougotanytea?3）any和some也可以作代词用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Ican'tseeany.Ifyouhavenomoney,I'lllendyousome.注意：与some,any结合的词如something,somebody,someone,anything,anyone,anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和some,any的用法相同。2.few,afew,little,alittle在用法上的区别1）用作形容词：含义表示肯定表示否定用法用于可数名词afew虽少，但有几个few不多，几乎没有用于不可数名词alittle，虽少，但有一点little不多，没有什么I'mgoingtobuyafewapples.HecanspeakonlyalittleChinese.Thereisonlyalittlemilkintheglass.Hehasfewfriends.Theyhadlittlemoneywiththem.赵振宝3 2）alittle和little也可以用作副词，alittle表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。I'malittlehungry.(修饰形容词hungry)Lethimsleepalittle.(修饰动词sleep)Mary,goalittlefaster,please.(修饰副词比较级)Shesleptverylittlelastnight.3.other,theother,another,others,theothers的区别。用法代名词形容词单数复数单数复数不定anotherothersanother(boy)other(boys)另一个别人，其他人另一个（男孩）其他男孩特定theothertheotherstheother(boy)theother(boys)另一个其余那些人、物另一个男孩其余那些男孩1）other可以作形容词用，后面可以跟单数或复数名词，意思是“其他的、别的”。Wherearehisotherbooks?Ihaven'tanyotherbooksexceptthisone.2）other也可以用作代词，与冠词the连用构成“theother”，表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成“one...,theother...”句型。Hehastwobrothers.Oneis10yearsold,theotheris5yearsold.Sheheldarulerinonehandandanexercise-bookintheother.3）other作代词用时，可以有复数“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some搭配构成“some....,others...”句型。Somewenttothecinema,otherswentswimming.Thiscoatistoolarge.Showmesomeothers,please.4）“theothers”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。Wegothomeby4o'clock,buttheothersdidn'tgetbackuntil8o'clock.InourclassonlyTomisEnglish,theothersareChinese.5）another可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为“另一个”，还可以跟代词one.Youcanseeanothershipinthesea,can'tyou?Marydoesn'twanttobuythisskirt.Wouldyoupleaseshowheranotherone?6）another也可以作代词用，表示“另一个”。I'mstillhungryafterI'vehadthiscake.Pleasegivemeanother.4.every与each的区别。eachevery1)可单独使用1)不可单独使用2)可做代名词、形容词2)仅作形容词3)着重“个别”3)着重“全体”，毫无例外4)用于两者或两者以上中的每4)用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物一个人或物Theteachergaveatoytoeachchild.Eachballhasadifferentcolour.当我们说eachchild,eachstudent或eachteacher时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说everychild和everystudent时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every的意思与all接近，表示他们都如此。EverystudentlovestheEnglishteacher.=AllstudentslovetheEnglishteacher.赵振宝4 Everychildlikesplaying.=Allchildrenlikeplaying.5.all和both的用法。1）all指三者以上，或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用作复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。AllofuslikeMrPope.我们都喜欢Pope先生。（作主语）=WealllikeMrPope.(作同位语)Allthewaterhasbeenusedup.(作主语)That'sallfortoday.(作表语)Whynoteatall(of)thefish?(作宾语)Alltheleadersarehere.(作定语)2）both作代词。①与其他名词或代词并列出现，表示“两个都”。LucyandLilybothagreewithus.Theybothpassedontheirsticksatthesametime.Howareyourparents?They'rebothfine.②与“of+代词（或名词）”连用，表示“两者都”。BothofthemcametoseeMary.Bothofthebooksareveryinteresting.③单独使用，表示“两者（都）”。Michaelhastwosons.Bothareclever.Idon'tknowwhichbookisthebetter,Ishallreadboth.3）both用作形容词，放在名词之前，修饰该名词，表示“两者都”。Bothhisyoungersistersareourclassmates..Therearetalltreesonbothsidesofthestreet.六.相互代词表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有eachother和oneanother两种形式。在当代英语中，eachother和oneanother没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语，定语。作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。Weshouldlearnfromeachother/oneanother.（作宾语）Doyouoftenwritetoeachother/oneanother?（作宾语）Weoftenborroweachother's/oneanother'sbooks.（作定语）Thestudentscorrectedeachother's/oneanother'smistakesintheirhomework.（作定语）七.疑问代词疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如：Whoisgoingtocomeheretomorrow?（作主语）Whatisthat?(作表语)Whoseumbrellaisthis?(作定语)Whomareyouwaitingfor?(作宾语)八.关系代词关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有who,whose,whom,that,which.它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语.在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如：赵振宝5 Ihatepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.I’mlookingatthephotographwhichyousentmewithyourletter.Withthemoneythathehadsaved,hewentonwithhisstudies.Doyouknowtheladywhoisinterviewingourheadmaster?【实例解析】1.Mary,pleaseshow________yourpicture.A.myB.mineC.ID.me答案：D。该提考查的是人称代词和物主代词的用法。在本题中，动词show的后面要跟双宾语，空白处缺少一个间接宾语，所以应选me。2.---What’sonTVtonight?Isthere_________interesting?---I’mafraidnot.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything答案：B。该提考查的是不定代词的用法。这是一个疑问句。在疑问句中，通常用anything。3.________ofthemhashisownopinion.A.BothB.SomeC.EveryD.Each答案：D。该题考查的是不定代词用法。因为谓语动词是单数形式，所以Both和Some都不对。Every不能作主语，所以只有Each合适。4.---Whereismypen?---Oh,sorry.Ihavetaken_______bymistake.A.yoursB.hisC.mineD.hers答案：A。该题考查的是物主代词的用法。根据题干的背景，我们可以判断出错拿的钢笔应该是对方的，所以选yours。【中考演练】一.单项填空1.Tom,Pleasepass________theglasses.Iwanttoreadthenewspapers.A.youB.meC.himD.her2.TheEnglishnovelisquiteeasyforyou.Thereare______newwordsinit.A.alittleB.littleC.afewD.few3.---Youwant________sandwich?---Yes,IusuallyeatalotwhenI’mhungry.A.otherB.anotherC.othersD.theother4.ThedoctorsandnursesaredoingtheirbesttofightSARS.Theythinkmoreofothersthan_______.A.theyB.themC.themselvesD.theirs5.---Whichdoyouprefer,abottleoforangeorabottleofmilk?---______________,thanks.I’dlikeacupoftea.A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.None6.---Oh!Icameinahurryandforgottobringfood.---Nevermind.Youcanhave________.A.usB.oursC.youD.yours7.---CanIcomethiseveningortomorrowmorning?---_______isOK.I’mfreetodayandtomorrow.赵振宝6 A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.None8.---Howareyougoingtoimprove_______thisterm?---Workharderthanlastterm.A.ourselvesB.myselfC.himselfD.yourself9.---Couldyoutellme_______sheislookingfor?---Hercousin,Susan.A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which10.---Is_______here?---No.LiLeiandHanMeihaveaskedforleave.A.everybodyB.somebodyC.anybodyD.nobody11.Paulhas_______friendsexceptme,andsometimeshefeelslonely.A.manyB.someC.fewD.more12.Ifyouwanttobookaround-tripticket,you’llhavetopay______$30.A.moreB.otherC.theotherD.another13.---Doyoulivebyyourself,Mr.Wang?---Yes.Ihavetwosons.But______ofthemliveswithme.TheyarenowstudyinginAmerica?A.neitherB.bothC.noneD.either14.---HaveyousentyourparentsanE-mailtellingthemyouarrivedsafe?---No._______ofthemcanuseacomputer.A.NoneB.BothC.NeitherD.All15.Whotaught_______Englishlastterm?Was_____Mr.Smith?A.you;itB.you;heC.your;itD.your;that16.---Thatwomanhasabaginherrighthand.What’sinher_____hand?A.anotherB.otherC.oneD.theother17.Wedecidedtogoforafieldtripwithsomefriendsof_______.A.usB.ourC.oursD.ourselves18.---Isthereabustothezoo?---I’mafraidthere’s_______bustothezoo.A.noB.anyC.someD.none19.Youforgotyourdictionary?Youmayhave_______.A.meB.myC.mineD.myself20.Thisis______classroom.Whereis_______?A.our;themB.us;theyC.our;theirsD.ours;theirs二.用所给代词的适当形式填空1.Thisisnotmypencil-box._______(I)isinthebag.2.Treesareplantedin______(we)countryeveryyear,whichmakesourcountrymoreandmorebeautiful.3.---IsthatbikeMissGao’s?---Yes,itis______(she).Beautiful,isn’tit?4.Help______(you)tosomefruit,Jack.5.---Whotaughtyourbrothertosurf?---Nobody.Helearntallby_______(he).6.TheirEnglishteacherisfromAmerica,but______(we)isfromEngland.赵振宝7 7.Mary’sanswerisdifferentfrom________(I).8.---Mywatchkeepsgoodtime.Whatabout_______(you)?---Mine?Oh,twominutesslow.9.Samismybrother.Doyouliketoplaywith______(he)?10.Didyouenjoy_______(you),MaryandKate?三.用适当的代词填空1.Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisaworker,_______isateacher.2.Studentsareusuallyinterestedinsports.Somelikerunning;somelikeswimming;_______likeballgames.3.Let’sgoandhaveadrink.We’vegot_______timebeforethetrainleaves.4.Wewereallverytired,but_______ofuswouldliketohavearest.5.______ofthetwinsareinourclass.6.Boys,don’ttouchthemachines,oryoumayhurt_______.7.Itissaidthereisgoingtobe________importantintheCCTVnews.8.Wecouldn’tbuyanythingbecause_______oftheshopsopenedatthattime.9.Theydidn’tlearn_______newinthislesson.10.---Whyis______easyforsuchayounggirltolearnthreeforeignlanguagessowell?---BecauseBritain,GermanyandFranceareallverynear______country.四.用适当的疑问代词和关系代词填空1.______isthepopulationoftheworldtoday?2._______jumpedthelongestofallinthelongjump?3.---_______colourisyourmother’sdress?---It’sblack.4.---______isyourcar?---Theredoneinfrontofthetree.5.---______ofthefollowingcanyouoftenfindonamedicinebottle?---Iknow,sir.It’sinstruction.6.Thenecklace______sheiswearingisbeautiful.7.Doyouknowtheperson_______losthisbike?8.Mostpeople_______liveinlessdevelopedcountriesarequitepoor.9.Theboy______ishelpingtheoldmanisJohn’sbrother.10.People______usecreditcardstobuythingsonlineshouldbeverycareful【练习答案】一.1.B2.D3.B4.C5.B6.B7.A8.D9.C10.A11.C12.D13.A14.C15.A16.B17.C18.A19.C20.C二.1.Mine2.our3.hers4.yourself5.himself6.ours7.mine8.yours9.him10.yourselves三.1..theother2.others3.alittle4.none5.Both6.yourselves7.something8.none9.anything10.it;her四.1.What2.Who3.What4.Which5.Which6.that/which7.that/who8.who/that9.who/that10.who/that赵振宝8
