英语五种句型及其扩大与转换-精讲版.pptx

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1、英语语法1五种基本句型结构主－谓－宾SVOIloveyou.谓语动词由及物动词承担，必须加宾语。主－谓SVHeslept.谓语动词由不及物动词承担，通常不需要宾语。主－谓－宾与主－谓结构之间的模糊地带He/sleeps/onthebed.(主－谓－介短作地点状语)He/look/afterme.(主－谓－介短作补语)He/lookedafter/me.(主－短语动词作谓语－宾语)He/lookedforwardto/thefuture.(适当的内部分析有助于理解)主－系(谓)－表(主补)Themanisthechairmanofthecommittee.主－谓

2、－宾－宾补(主动语态)Peopleelectedthemanchairmanofthecommittee.主－谓－主补（被动语态）Themanwaselectedchairmanofthecommittee.主－动－双宾系动词连系动词（linkingverb）不表具体动作，仅连接主语和其他成分其它成分主要用于描述主语特点和性质，故称主语补语，又称为表语。主－系(谓)－表(主补)系动词(原生系动词+半系动词)原生系动词be(am/is/are,was/were,hasbeen/havebeen,hadbeen)半系动词（表感官+表状态转变+表状态保持）表感官（

3、看/听/闻/尝/感觉起来…+似乎…）Feel/look/sound/taste/smell看/听/闻/尝/感觉起来…通常用于以下三类结构(a)Shelookshappy.她看上去很高兴.(b)Thewinetasteslikewater.这酒的味道像水一样.(c)Thesingersoundsasthough/ifshe'sgotasorethroat.这歌手的声音听起来好像她嗓子疼.seem/appearAnndidn'tseemverysure.Itseemsafoolishdecisionnow.Shedidn'tappearsurprisedatthe

4、news.Heappearsaperfectlynormalperson.Theydidn’tappearattheparty.(showup)表状态转变Become/grow/get/turn/fall/go/comeAstimewentonhegrewmoreandmoreimpatient.Helenbecamefamous.Themilkturnedsourintheheat.Thehandlehascomeloose.表状态转变fallasleepThehorsefelllame.Hefellsilent.Hasshefallenillagain?S

5、hefellpreytohischarm.她一下子被他迷住了.表状态保持remain/stay/keepWeremainedfriends.Theboyremainedsilent.Hestayedsinglethroughouthislife.Theystayedfriendsforyears.Pleasekeepquiet.主－动－双宾三方＝Giver+Something(concrete/abstract)+ReceiverIgavethebooktoher.(concrete)Igiveyoumywordthatthiswon'thappenagain

6、.(abstract)GivemylovetoMarywhenyouseeher.(abstract)通常间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后直接宾语是动作的直接承受对象英语遵循句尾重心原则，所以本句型的重心在直接宾语上如果要强调间接宾语，一般可变形为SVO+P.O.注意双宾位置转换时的介词变化情况1.Givethebooktome./Givemethebook.2.Buyagiftforhisson./Buyhissonagift.3.Explain(describe)thetheorytome./Explaintomethetheory.4.Presentherwi

7、thanaward./Presentanawardtoher.主谓双宾和主谓宾宾补的区分主－谓－宾－宾补　如宾补为形容词/介短/副词　无需区分Heleftthedooropen.Themanfoundthewomanattractive.Theypaintedtheroomblue.Theykeptusinthedarkabouttheplan.Theyputoutthefire.Dinosaursdiedoutmillionsofyearsago.Theswitchedoffthelight.Hejumpedoffthecliff.主－谓－宾－宾补如宾补为名

8、词　则与双宾形似Doyouwantme