资源描述：
《多恩布什宏观经济学第十版课后习题答案09.doc》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、CHAPTER9INCOMEANDSPENDINGSolutionstotheProblemsintheTextbook:ConceptualProblems:1.IntheKeynesianmodel,thepricelevelisassumedtobefixed,thatis,theAS-curveishorizontalandthelevelofoutputisdeterminedsolelybyaggregatedemand.Theclassicalmodel,ontheotherhand,assumesthatpr
2、icesalwaysfullyadjusttomaintainafull-employmentlevelofoutput,thatis,theAS-curveisvertical.Sincethemodelofincomedeterminationinthischapterassumesthatthepricelevelisfixed,itisaKeynesianmodel.2.Anautonomousvariable’svalueisdeterminedoutsideofagivenmodel.Inthischaptert
3、hefollowingcomponentsofaggregatedemandhavebeenspecifiedasbeingautonomous:autonomousconsumption(C*)autonomousinvestment(Io),governmentpurchases(Go),lumpsumtaxes(TAo),transferpayments(TRo),andnetexports(NXo).3.Sinceitoftentakesalongtimeforpolicymakerstoagreeonaspecif
4、icfiscalpolicymeasure,itisquitepossiblethateconomicconditionsmaydrasticallychangebeforeafiscalpolicymeasureisimplemented.Inthesecircumstancesapolicymeasurecanactuallybedestabilizing.Maybetheeconomyhasalreadybeguntomoveoutofarecessionbeforepolicymakershaveagreedtoim
5、plementataxcut.Ifthetaxcutisenactedatatimewhentheeconomyisalreadybeginningtoexperiencestronggrowth,inflationarypressurecanbecreated.Whilesuchinternallagsareabsentwithautomaticstabilizers(incometaxes,unemploymentbenefits,welfare),theseautomaticstabilizersarenotsuffi
6、cienttoreplaceactivefiscalpolicywhentheeconomyentersadeeprecession.4.Incometaxes,unemploymentbenefits,andthewelfaresystemareoftencalledautomaticstabilizerssincetheyautomaticallyreducetheamountbywhichoutputchangesasaresultofachangeinaggregatedemand.Thesestabilizersa
7、reapartoftheeconomicmechanismandthereforeworkwithoutanycase-by-casegovernmentintervention.Forexample,whenoutputdeclinesandunemploymentincreases,theremaybeanincreaseinthenumberofpeoplewhofallbelowthepovertyline.Ifwehadnowelfaresystemorunemploymentbenefits,thenconsum
8、ptionwoulddropsignificantly.Butsinceunemployedworkersgetunemploymentcompensationandpeoplelivinginpovertyareeligibleforwelfarepayments,consumption
