资源描述：
《spanishgrammarlesson30西班牙语语法30》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、Lesson30SURVEYOFMOODSANDTENSESVOCABULARYelalgodóncottonlamediastockingel/laamericano(a)American;alsoadjectiveel/laniño(-a)childel/lamexicano(-a)Mexican;alsoadjectiveelsastretailorlacorbatanecktiesastreríatailorshoplafábricafactorylasedasilklalanawooleso(pronoun)thatlamanohandapesardeinspiteofenvez
2、deinsteadoftrajeshechosready-madesuitshechoamanomadebyhandI.MOODS.AthoughtorideamaybeexpressedinSpanishinanyoneoffourmoods:indicative,conditional,subjunctive,orimperative.Moods,asthenameindicates,expressinalargemeasurethestateofmindofthespeaker.(a)Theindicativemoodisusedtostatefacts.Thepersonframi
3、ngthesentenceisinapositivemood.Theindicativemoodcanexpressthetimeoftheactioninalleighttenses,namely:PrimaryTensesPerfectTensespresentpresentperfectpreteritpreteritperfectpast(imperfect)pastperfectfuturefutureperfect.Vienaacasa;vinoacasa,havenidoacasa,etc.(b)Theconditionalmoodisusedtostatewhatwould
4、beorwhatwouldhavebeen(wouldsee,wouldhaveseen,wouldwrite,wouldhavewritten,etc.)Thefulfillmentofthechairofactionsisshownascontingentontheoccurrenceofsomebasicaction;theactionisalwaysacondition(an“if”clause),expressedorunderstood.Hewouldfall.(ifIdidn’tholdhim;ifhetriedit)Hewouldhavefallen(ifIhadn’the
5、ldhim,etc.)109Aswereadilysee,therecanbetwo,andonlytwo,tensesinheconditionalmood:thepresentandtheperfect.Iwouldsendit.(Lomandaría)Iwouldhavesentit(Lohabríamandado)(c)Whereastheindicativemoodexpressesfactorcertainty,thesubjunctivemoodisusedtoexpressuncertaintyordoubtinthemindofthespeakerorthewritera
6、stotheabsolutetruthofhisstatement;itisusedtostateevensomethingcontrarytofact.Ifearshehasforgottenit.(Temoquelohayaolvidado)Ifshehadforgottenit,shewouldhavetoldme.(Thisgivestheideathatshedidnoforgetit,andthatshedidnotellme.)ThesubjunctivemoodinSpanishhasfourtenses:presentpresentperfectpast(Imperfec
7、t)pastperfectPresent:Ihopethathefindsit.(quelohalle)Imperfect:Ihopedthathewouldfindit.(quelohallara)PresentPerfect:Ihopethathehasfoundit.(quelohayahalladoPastPerfect:Ihopedthathehadfoundit.(quelohubierahallado)(d
